Les meilleurs doctors en Turquie pour votre Chirurgie de changement de sexe - TOP 23 des médecins

• Spécialisé dans la chirurgie de réassignation sexuelle utilisant des techniques telles que l'inversion du pénis, la vaginoplastie et la colovaginoplastie.
• Formation internationale en Turquie et dans divers pays européens.
• Certifié par l'Association européenne d'urologie et l'Association turque d'urologie.
• Membre de la Société d'endoscopie et de l'Association d'urologie du nord de Marmara.
• Plus de 100 publications et une vaste expérience professionnelle dans le domaine de l'urologie.

• Le docteur Ali Nurhan Özbaba pratique la vaginoplastie d'inversion du pénis et la chirurgie de féminisation du visage.
• Il a reçu une formation professionnelle en chirurgie plastique et en chirurgie d'affirmation du genre en Turquie.
• Membre de l'Association turque de chirurgie plastique esthétique.
• A plus de 30 ans d'expérience en chirurgie plastique.
• A réalisé plus de 30 000 opérations de chirurgie plastique.

EDUCATION

2010-2016 MASTERS DEGREE Ankara Numune Edu. and Res. Hospital, Plastic Recons. and Aesthetic Surgery
1989-1995 UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION Uludag University Faculty of Medical

EXPERIENCE

2020 - Present Plastic Surgeon Clinicexpert Hospital

Le Dr Ömer Faruk DEVECİ est un chirurgien plasticien, reconstructeur et esthétique né à Ankara en 1988. Il a terminé sa formation médicale en 2012 et est devenu spécialiste en 2018. Il a depuis travaillé dans divers hôpitaux et exerce en pratique privée depuis septembre. 2020.

Mehmet Özdemir, a Turkish national born on July 20, 1990, in Mardin, Turkey, is a dedicated and accomplished medical professional. He completed his primary education in Mardin before pursuing his secondary education at Siirt Science High School in Siirt, Turkey. Later, he studied Medicine at Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty English Division from September 2008 to August 2014. He began his residency as an Emergency Physician at Nusaybin State Hospital and continued his medical journey with various positions, including Resident Doctor at Dicle University Medical Faculty, specializing in Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery. Özdemir's extensive experience includes electiveships and fellowships at prestigious institutions such as Hannover Medical School in Germany and Cerrahpaşa University Medical Faculty in Turkey. Notably, he conducted research on novel graft techniques for rhinoplasty, earning him recognition under the supervision of Dr. Mehmet Fatih Akkoç. Özdemir further enriched his expertise through elective programs and fellowships, including a recent fellowship at the Auersvald Clinic in Curitiba, Brazil, under the guidance of Dr. Andre Auersvald. With a diverse background and a commitment to excellence, Mehmet Özdemir is a skilled Specialist Doctor in Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery based in Diyarbakır, Turkey.

EDUCATION Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Urology Specialization Training, 1992-1997, Ankara/Türkiye Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Medical Doctor Education, 1982-1988, Bursa/Türkiye

EXPERIENCE Taksim Training and Research Hospital, 2009-2016, Istanbul/Türkiye Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, 2007-2009, Istanbul/Türkiye Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 2000-2007, Ankara/Türkiye Bergama State Hospital, 1997-2000, Izmir/Türkiye Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 1992-1997, Ankara/Türkiye

- Turkish Urology Association

- European Association of Urology

- Turkish Urology Association Northern Marmara

- American Urological Association

• Türk Estetik Plastik Cerrahi Derneği Türk Plastik Rekonstrüktiv Cerrahi Derneği, Plastik, Rekonstrüktiv ve Estetik Cerrahlar Uluslararası Konfederasyonu, 
• Avrupa Estetik Plastik Cerrahlar Derneği (ESPRAS), Uluslararası Estetik Plastik Cerrahlar Derneği (ISAPS) üyesi.

Experience:

2017- Private Practice

2017 – Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Specialist – Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic – Endorphin Center – Istanbul

2016-2017 – Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Specialist – Bitlis State Hospital

2010-2015 – Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic – Kartal Training and Research Hospital – Istanbul

2009 – General Practitioner – Çekmeköy Taşdelen Health Center – Istanbul

courses

27-28 September 2013, Prof. Dr. Rıdvan Ege 8. Basic Hand Surgery, Acute Hand Injuries Course, Turkish Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Association, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara

7-11 January 2014, 19th Basic Microsurgery Course, Reconstructive Microsurgery Association, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul

16-25 January 2014, Experimental Animals Use Course, Yeditepe University Experimental Animals Ethics Committee, Istanbul

VIII. Plastic Surgery School (11-18 April 2015) Akra Barut Hotel, Antalya

Kadir Oyur is a dynamic and accomplished medical professional with a wealth of experience and expertise in the field of surgery. He completed his Postgraduate Residency in Plastic Surgery at the Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education in Minsk, Belarus, followed by another residency in General Surgery at Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education in Kiev, Ukraine. Prior to this, he pursued his medical education at Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa English Medical School. Throughout his career, Kadir has held various positions, including roles at Europ-Assistance Insurance Company in Turkey and Antes Aesthetic Surgery Center in Belarus. He has actively engaged in research and observational programs at prestigious institutions like Harvard University Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the University of California, Irvine. Kadir is also proficient in computer skills and speaks multiple languages fluently, including English, Turkish, Kurdish, Russian, and German. Beyond his medical endeavors, he enjoys pursuits such as playing musical instruments, sailing, and cycling. Kadir is an active member of esteemed medical societies such as The International Society of Plastic Surgery and the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. With his extensive skill set and commitment to excellence, Kadir Oyur continues to make significant contributions to the field of surgery.

Education

Dr. Mehmet Özdemir completed Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty English Division in 2014.

Work experience

In 2015 he worked in Medizinische Hochschule Hannover at the Department of Traumatology as an assistant doctor under the supervision of Prof. Dr. med.C. Krettek. During this time he passed the examinations and received German approbation.
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In 2016-2017 he worked at the Public Health Center in Mardin and did his compulsory service.
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He completed his medical specialty training in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at Dicle University Medical Faculty in 2022. During his residency, he attended many courses, congresses, and studies.

In 2022 he passed the EBOPRAS (European Board of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery ) exams which are valid in European countries.
 

Qualifications

In 2022 he passed the EBOPRAS (European Board of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery ) exams which are valid in European countries. He has also German approbation.

Dr. Mehmet Özdemir speaks English and German fluently. His native languages are Turkish and Kurdish.

Formation : 2001-2007, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Ege

Assistante :
2007-2013, École de Médecine - Clinique de Chirurgie Plastique, Reconstructive et Esthétique, Université Hacettepe

Expérience professionnelle : 2014-2016, Hôpital d'État d'Usak,

2016-2022, Hôpital Privé Oztan

2022- Présent Hôpital privé Can d'Izmir

Professional Experience:

Faculty of Medicine:
Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine (2017)

Specialization:
Marmara University, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (2018-2022)

Surgical Trainings:
Active Physician/Plastic Surgeon in Marmara University Hospital / over 5 years of experience
and has performed over 600 surgeries and involved in more than 200 surgeries.

Estetik Cerrahi: Deneyimli cerrahlarımızla, güncel teknikleri kullanarak estetik cerrahi hizmetleri sunuyoruz. Her bireyin ihtiyacına özel çözümler üreterek, doğal ve estetik sonuçlar elde etmeyi amaçlıyoruz.

Saç, Sakal ve Kaş Ekimi: Saç dökülmesi, seyrek sakal ya da kaş problemleriyle mücadele edenlere özel çözümler sunuyoruz. Uzman ekibimiz, kişinin yüz hatlarına uygun doğal sonuçlar elde etmeyi hedefler.

Dolgu Uygulamaları: Yüz gençleştirme ve kontürleme amacıyla kullanılan dolgu uygulamalarını, uzman estetik cerrahlarımız ile güvenli bir şekilde gerçekleştiriyoruz. Doğallığı ön planda tutan yaklaşımımızla, müşterilerimize istedikleri görünüme kavuşmalarında yardımcı oluyoruz.

DOCTORAL THESES/SUFFICIENT STUDIES SUPERVISED:

ROLES IN PROJECTS:

1. Research on Functions of Growth Inhibitory Factor-2 (ING-2) in Basal Cell Carcinoma, Gaziantep University BAP, Researcher, 2010.
2. Investigating the Efficacy of Pre-dressing Disinfectants (povidone iodine and thyme extract) and dressing applications (hypericum perforatum l. and thiocillin ointment) in a diabetic wound model in rats, Project Lead, 2015.
3. Research on the Efficacy of B-Complex Vitamins in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries in an Experimental Model, Project Lead, 2015.

COURSES AND CERTIFICATES ATTENDED:

1. Basic Training Course for Residents. Gaziantep University, School of Medicine. GAZIANTEP 2008.
2. 4th Maxillofacial Surgery Course and Workshop, GATA, ANKARA 2009.
3. Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee Scientific Research Course, Gaziantep University, 2009.
4. Clinical Researcher Training Program, Gaziantep University, School of Medicine, GAZIANTEP, 2010.
5. Applied Fue Technique Hair and Eyebrow Transplant Course, TRABZON, 2010.
6. Laser Treatment of Pigmented and Vascular Lesions Course, TRABZON, 2010.
7. Vertical Mammoplasty: Technical Details, Limits, and Problems, TRABZON, 2010.
8. Oculoplastic Surgery, TRABZON, 2010.
9. Blepharoplasty, TRABZON, 2010.
10. Simultaneous Rhinoplasty and Facial Contouring Techniques, TRABZON, 2010.
11. TPRECD IV. Plastic Surgery Residency School, ÇEŞME/ İZMİR, 2011.
12. TPRECD V. Plastic Surgery Rhinoplasty Course and Symposium, ANKARA, 2012.
13. 15th Basic Microvascular Surgery Course, KONYA, 2013.
14. Aesthetic Breast Surgery Course, November 4-7, 2014, ANKARA, Turkey, 2015.
15. Breast Reconstruction Course, November 4-7, 2014, ANKARA, Turkey, 2015.
16. Op. Dr. Teoman Doğan Rhinoplasty Live Surgery Course, November 4, 2017, ISTANBUL.

WORKS

1. ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN INTERNATIONAL PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS:
2. Mutaf M, Günal E, Temel M. A New Technique for Closure of the Infraorbital Defects. Ann Plast Surg. 2011 Dec;67(6):600-5.
3. Mutaf M, Günal E, Temel M. Closure of defects of the malar region. J Craniofac Surg. 2011 Mar;22(2):631-4. PMID:21403544
4. Türkmen A., Temel M., Bekerecioglu M. Primary mucosal malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. Eur J Plast Surg. 2011; 34: 325-9
5. Mutaf M, Temel M, Günal E, Işik D. Island Volar Advancement Flap for Reconstruction of the Thumb Defects. Ann Plast Surg. 2012 Feb;68(2):153-7.
6. Mutaf M., MD, Temel M., Gunal E., MD. The Spider Procedure: A New Z-Plasty-Based Local Flap Procedure for Closure of the Skin Defects. Ann Plast Surg. 2012 Nov;69(5):555-9. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e31821ee4ce.
7. Mutaf M., MD, Temel M., Gunal E., MD. A New Z-Plasty Based Local Flap Procedure for Closure of the Lateral Canthal Skin Defects. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Feb;129(2):372-374.
8. Mutaf M., MD, Temel M., Gunal E., MD. The reading man flap for closure of large meningomyelocele defects. J. Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2012 May;65(5):578-83.
9. Arif Turkmen, Metin Temel, Ayla Gokce, Mehmet Bekerecioglu. Orbital exenteration for the treatment of advanced periocular skin cancer. Eur J Plast Surg. 2013; 36:69-74
10. Erhan Yengil, Metin Temel, Vedat Uruc, Cengiz Cevik, Erkan Yula, Omer Serkan Yildiz, Cansu Onlen, Mehmet Arslan. Surgical Hand Antiseptic Potential of Oregano Essential Oil. Euras J Fam Med 2014; 3(3):149-156.
11. Metin Temel, Arif Turkmen, Recep Dokuyucu, Cengiz Cevik, Serdar Oztuzcu, Beyhan Cengiz. A novel tumor suppressor gene in basal cell carcinoma: inhibition of growth factor-2. Tumour Biol. 2015 Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 25613071
12. Aslı Can, Metin TEMEL, Recep Dokuyucu, Mehmet Mutaf. The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) on Random Pattern Skin Flap Survival in Rat Model. Ann Plast Surg. 2015 May 7. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 25954836
13. Metin Temel, Ali O. KARAKAŞ, Recep Dokuyucu, Arif Türkmen. ''The dermal internal brassiere flap,'' a new modification of inferior pedicle breast reduction technique. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2015 Jun;39(3):350-8. doi: 10.1007/s00266-015-0483-y. Epub 2015 Apr 17. PMID: 25894021
14. Ömer Berberoğlu, Metin Temel, Arif Türkmen. Effects of Reduction Mammaplasty Operations on the Spinal Column: Clinical and Radiological Response. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery August 2015, Volume 39, Issue 4, pp 514-522.
15. Metin Temel, Mustafa Nihat Koç, Saffet Ulutaş, Bülent Göğebakan. The Expression Levels of The Sirtuins in Patients With BCC. Tumour Biol. 2015 Dec 2. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 26631040. 2015
16. Metin Temel, Arif Türkmen, Ömer Berberoğlu. Improvements in Vertebral-Column Angles and Psychological Metrics After Abdominoplasty With Rectus Plication. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI:10.1093/asj/sjv257. 2015
17. Tumay Ozgur, Metin Temel. Pilar Sheath Acanthoma Presenting as a Nevus. International Journal of Trichology. 2015:7(4);187-188.
18. Temel M, Berberoğlu Ö, Türkmen A. Response to Comment on ''Effects of Reduction Mammaplasty Operations on the Spinal Column: Clinical and Radiological Response''. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2016 May 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 27178569.
19. Temel M, Şamil Kahraman Ş, Berber Ö, Çevik C, Akoğlu E. Comparison of the result of consolidative technique otoplasty and incisionless otoplasty in the repairs of prominent ears. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 26810363.
20. Temel M, Gunal E, Kahraman SS. Reconstruction of Congenital Isolated Alar Defect Using Mutaf Triangular Closure Technique in Pediatric Patients. J Craniofac Surg. 2016 May 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 27192642.
21. Metin Temel, Consolidative Technique Otoplasty: Comprehensive Approach In Combining Techniques. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2016 Sep 9. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:27612463. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-016-0699-5.
22. Mehmet Mutaf, Metin Temel. A New Technique For Total Reconstruction of The Lower Lid. Annals of Plastic Surgery 2016.
23. E Zobaci, M Temel, AÇ Yasti, M Zorlu, F Coskun, M Dolapci, İT Şahiner. The use of the triangular closure technique for defect coverage in pilonidal sinus treatment. Int J Clin Exp Med 9 (7), 12804-12810.
24. Mehmet Mutaf, Metin Temel, Mustafa Nihat Koç. A new surgical technique for closure of pilonidal sinus defects: Triangular closure technique. e-ISSN 1643-3750 © Med Sci Monit, 2016; 22: DOI: 10.12659/MSM.899879. Feb 26 - Mar 4, 2017.
25. Mutaf M, Metin Temel, MD. Reading Man Flap: A Nasal Reconstruction Technique. Ann Plast Surg. 2022. PMID: 34711730.
26. Ali Yeniocak, Osman Kelahmetoğlu, Mustafa Özkan, Metin Temel, Ethem Güneren. A Basic Algorithmic Surgical Approach for Nicolau Syndrome. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2020 Apr-Jun;13(2):154-159. doi: 10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_139_19.
27. Arif Türkmen, Mehmet Doğan, Metin Temel. A free radical scavenger (Tempol) and its effect on intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts in rats. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2018 Sep;24(5):379-386. doi: 10.5505/tjtes.2017.80281.
28. Mehmet Mutaf 1, Metin Temel. A New Cartilage-Sparing Procedure for Correction of the Prominent Ear Deformity: Dermal Anchor Technique. Ann Plast Surg. 2020 Sep;85(3):221-228. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000002257.
29. Arif Türkmen, MD, FRCS, FRCS (Plast), Metin Temel, MD. Algorithmic approach to the prevention of unnecessary fasciotomy in extremity snake bite. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.899879. Feb 26 - Mar 4, 2017.
30. PAPERS PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES AND PUBLISHED IN PROCEEDINGS:
31. Mehmet Aliakdamar, Ethem Ünal, Metin Temel, Abdullah Haholu, H.Tuba Sanal, Yalçın Özdemir. Inflammatory Polyp Of The Ileum Causing Perforation In A Young Patient. 23rd World Congress of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, May 26-30, Istanbul, Turkey. (Diyarbakır Military Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Mardin Military Infirmary).
32. Metin Temel, Recep Dokuyucu, Hasan Gökçe, Zeynel Abidin Taş, Okan Tutuk, Hatice Doğan, Gökhan Ağtürk. Wound Healing Effect of Centaury Oil Treatment in Diabetic Wound Model. 41st National Congress of Physiology. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. September 9-13, 2015.
33. Metin Temel, Recep Dokuyucu, Hasan Gökçe, Gökhan Ağtürk, Hatice Doğan, Gökhan Ağtürk. Disinfectant Effect of Thyme Oil in Diabetic Wound Model. 41st National Congress of Physiology. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. September 9-13, 2015.
34. Metin Temel, Hasan Gökçe, Recep Dokuyucu, İbrahim Kahraman, Abdurrahman Akdağ, Fatih Sefil. Investigation of the Efficacy of Vitamin B Complexes on Peripheral Nerve Injuries Treatments in Experimental Models. 41st National Congress of Physiology. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. September 9-13, 2015.
35. Recep Dokuyucu1, Metin Temel2, Hasan Gökçe3, Hatice Doğan1, Gökhan Ağtürk1, Abdurrahman Akdağ4, Okan Tutuk1, Cemil Tümer1. Therapeutic Effects of Thymoquinone and Peanut Oil in an Infected Diabetic Wound Model. 41st National Congress of Physiology. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. September 9-13, 2015.
36. ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN NATIONAL PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS:
37. Senem Koruk, Gülşen Özkan Tanrıverdi, Rauf Gül, Metin Temel, Sıtkı Göksu, Ünsal Öner. Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Cases: Our Experience with Intubation. Gaziantep Journal of Medicine, 2009;15(3):29-32.
38. Arif Türkmen, Metin Temel, Ertan Günal, Koray Çelebi, Mehmet Bekerecioğlu. A Case Report of Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome (Whistling-Face). Gaziantep Journal of Medicine, 2010; 16(2):39-41.
39. Arif Türkmen, Ertan Günal, Metin Temel, Ömer Berberoğlu. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-1: Social Aspects and Life Planning. Gaziantep Journal of Medicine, 2010; 16(2):53-56.
40. Akif ACAY1, Ethem ZOBACI2, Metin TEMEL3, A. Fahri ŞAHİN4. A Case of Jessner’s Lymphocytic Infiltration Mimicking Basal Cell Carcinoma. Kocatepe Journal of Medicine, 2015;16(2):151-3.
41. Metin Temel, Ethem Zobacı, Ahmet Kahraman, Mustafa Özkan, Ali Ö. Karakaş. Revisiting Contraindications of Abdominoplasty and a Complicated Case Report. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Medicine, Volume 5, Issue 20, Year 2014:45-9.
42. Metin Temel, Ebru Çelik. Long-Term Results of the Combination of Dermofat Graft and Platelet-Rich Plasma in a Patient with Hemifacial Atrophy: A Case Report. Turgut Özal Medical Center Journal, 2016;23(1):92-5. doi: 10.5455/jtomc.2015.2867.
43. Metin Temel, Ebru Çelik, Mehmet Yaldiz, Ali Ö. Karakaş. Punch Biopsy Leads to Misdiagnosis in Pilomatrixoma: A Case Report. TPRECD Journal, Manuscript ID: 1984 DOI: 10.5152/TurkJPlastSurg.2017.1984.
44. Arif Türkmen1, Metin Temel2. History of Microvascular Surgery in Plastic Surgery. 1. Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey; 2. Mustafa Kemal University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Hatay, Turkey. Türkiye Klinikleri, Experimental Microsurgery Special Issue, Turkiye Klinikleri J Plast Surg-Special Topics 2016;5(1).
45. Metin Temel, Ebru Çelik, Raif Ozden, A.Çigdem Dogramacı, Yunus Doğramacı, Vedat Uruc. Results of a New Suture Technique in the Treatment of Ingrown Toenails. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Medicine, 2016.
46. NATIONAL CONFERENCES ATTENDED: 
47. Rhinoplasty Symposium, Mersin University School of Medicine Plastic Surgery Department, MERSIN, 2006.
48. Oculoplasty Symposium, Gaziantep University, School of Medicine, Plastic Surgery Department, GAZIANTEP, 2008.
49. 29th National Congress of Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, October 17-19, 2007, ESKIŞEHIR.
50. 30th National Congress of Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, October 15-19, 2008, ANTALYA.
51. 32nd National Congress of Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, September 15-19, 2010, TRABZON.
52. 5th National Wound Care Congress, October 25-28, 2010, GAZIANTEP.
53. 15th National Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Congress, January 15-16, 2011, ISTANBUL.
54. 33rd National Congress of Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, September 14-19, 2011, IZMIR.
55. 41st National Congress of Turkish Physiological Sciences, September 9-13, 2015, ÇANAKKALE.
56. 37th National Congress of Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, November 4-7, 2015, ANKARA.
57. National Congress of Aesthetic Face and Nose Surgery, February 17-19, 2017, ISTANBUL.

E. BOOK TRANSLATIONS:

Atlas of Hand Surgery, Tendon Transfers Section