La Plateforme de Tourisme Médicale n°1 depuis 2014

Les meilleurs doctors traitant la maladie suivante : Prolapsus utérin - TOP -115 des médecins

author
Le contenu respecte la Politique Éditoriale Bookimed et est examinée médicalement par
Fahad Mawlood - Praticien généraliste. Lauréat de 4 prix scientifiques. Diplômé en Asie occidentale. Ancien Chef d'une équipe médicale aidant les patients arabes. Aujourd'hui responsable du traitement des données et de l'exactitude du contenu médical.
image
Gokhan Demirayak
Obstetrician-gynecologist
19 années d'expérience
4.6
291 avis
Turquie, Istanbul
Memorial Şişli Hospital

Gokhan Demirayak

Obstetrician-gynecologist
19 années d'expérience
Le docteur Gokhan Demirayak est un gynécologue et gynécologue oncologue qui a 17 ans d'expérience. Il est spécialisé dans l'urogynécologie, l'hystérectomie, l'oncologie gynécologique, l'esthétique génitale et les chirurgies laparoscopiques.Lire la suite
4.6
291 avis
Visite du médecin prix sur demande
Hystérectomie avec le robot DaVinci $7500
Plus de traitements
image
Esra Tustas Haberal
Obstetrician-gynecologist
27 années d'expérience
4.5
139 avis
Turquie, Istanbul
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Esra Tustas Haberal

Obstetrician-gynecologist
27 années d'expérience

Dr. X was born in 1974 and graduated from Istanbul University's Istanbul School of Medicine in 1997. She has won awards for her work and has participated and presented at numerous national and international congresses. She specializes in Supervision of Pregnancy and Delivery, Supervision of high-risk pregnancy, Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Incontinence, Infertility, Laparoscopic Surgery, Hysteroscopic Surgery, Pelvic floor surgery, and Genital Aesthetic Surgery. She has worked at Delta Hospital, Çengelköy Ülkü Hospital, and Umraniye Training and Research Hospital.

Lire la suite
image
Guillermo Luis Bassols
Obstetrician-gynecologist
37 années d'expérience
4.7
401 avis
Espagne, Barcelone
Centro Médico Teknon

Guillermo Luis Bassols

Obstetrician-gynecologist
37 années d'expérience

Le Dr X est diplômé en médecine et chirurgie de l'Université autonome de Barcelone et est spécialisé en obstétrique et gynécologie. Il a plus de 30 ans d'expérience, ayant travaillé dans divers hôpitaux et cliniques de Barcelone et de ses environs.

Lire la suite
4.7
401 avis
Visite du médecin prix sur demande
Hystérectomie avec le robot DaVinci $26032.31 - $29156.19
Plus de traitements
image
Ayse Korur
Obstetrician-gynecologist
14 années d'expérience
4.5
139 avis
Turquie, Istanbul
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Ayse Korur

Obstetrician-gynecologist
14 années d'expérience

Op. Dr. Ayşe Akbulut is a graduate of Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine with expertise in Gynecology and Obstetrics. He has many certificates and has successfully performed over 10,000 cesarean sections, over 1,000 TAH+BSO, over 300 Hysteroscopic Operations, and over 200 Myomectomy Operations. His medical interests include Pregnancy Follow-up and Obstetrics, Urogynecological and Endoscopic Operations, Hysterectomy and Myomectomy Operations, Genital Aesthetic Surgery, Urinary Incontinence Surgery, General Gynecology, and Sexual Therapy.

Lire la suite
Choisir le bon médecin et la bonne clinique : conseils d'initiés
Lors du choix d’un médecin ou d’une clinique, gardez ces points essentiels à l’esprit :
Vérifiez les qualifications
Vérifiez les certifications d’organismes tels que l’ISAPS, la JCI, etc.
Examinez les taux de réussite
Choisissez des médecins ayant une solide expérience dans votre traitement spécifique.
Lisez les avis des patients
Consultez les avis patients réels sur Bookimed pour découvrir leur expérience.
Assurer la communication
Choisissez des cliniques offrant un support linguistique pour un traitement fluide.
Demander les services
Confirmez s'ils offrent un hébergement et des transferts, et vérifiez les coûts.
Choisir une clinique à l'étranger peut être stressant. Chez Bookimed, avec plus de 800 000 patients aidés, nous comprenons vos préoccupations. Nous savons comment trouver des médecins de confiance, les meilleures options qualité-prix, et des solutions pour les cas les plus complexes. Nous sommes là pour vous guider à chaque étape.
image
Yan Matsiivskiy
Responsable de l'équipe de coordination médicale
image
Berk Angun
Obstetrician-gynecologist
33 années d'expérience
4.1
26 avis
Chypre du Nord, Kyrénia
Dunya IVF Clinic

Berk Angun

Obstetrician-gynecologist
33 années d'expérience

Le docteur Berk Angun est spécialiste en médecine de la reproduction à la clinique Dunya IVF. Il est diplômé de l'université d'Uludag et de l'école de médecine de l'université d'Anatolie et membre de l'association TSRM Reproductive Health and Infertility, de la société turque de gynécologie TJOD et de l'association d'endoscopie gynécologique JED.

Lire la suite
image
Elif Esra Uyar
Obstetrician-gynecologist
23 années d'expérience
4.4
42 avis
Turquie, Istanbul
Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital

Elif Esra Uyar

Obstetrician-gynecologist
23 années d'expérience

Medical Field of lnterest


Invitrofertilization , Repeated ivf failure, Recurrent miscarriage, Reproductive immunology, Labioplasty ,Vaginoplasty

 

Memberships

• Turkish Medical Association

• Turkish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics(TJOD)

• Society for IVF and Infertility (TUBID)

• European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE)

 

Courses and Training Programs Attended

1. Experimental Animal Use and Ethical Approach - Marmara University Faculty of Medicine 2003

2. Early Pregnancy Ultrasound Course - Istanbul 2004

3. Neonatal Resuscitation Program -Istanbul 2004

4. Basic Statistics Training Course - Marmara University Faculty of Medicine 2004

5. 3D Vienna International School of 3D Ultrasonography - Vienna 2005

6. 8th Turkish-German Gynecology Congress- Colposcopy Course -Antalya 2009

7. Colposcopy Course- TJOD Istanbul Branch 2009

8. Health Law Certificate Program - Istanbul 2010

9. Expert Witness Training Program in Cases Arising from Medical Interventions - Istanbul 2014

10. Ovulation Induction Course- 4th Acibadem Days- Istanbul 2016

11. Emergency Obstetric Care Clinician Training - Ministry of Health - 2019

12. Aesthetic Genital Surgery Fellowship - The British Academy of CME- 2023

13. International Cosmetic and Functional Gynecology- ISAGSS- 2023

Lire la suite
image
Umut Yolal
Obstetrician-gynecologist
34 années d'expérience
4.1
60 avis
Turquie, Istanbul
Kucukcekmece Hospital

Umut Yolal

Obstetrician-gynecologist
34 années d'expérience
Le docteur Umut Yoldakalmaz, cardiologue à l'hôpital Kucukcekmece, est expérimenté et compétent. Il met l'accent sur les soins préventifs et sur une approche holistique des soins aux patients.Lire la suite
Hyménoplastie (restauration de l'hymen)

Contenu Sensible

Voir

Hyménoplastie (restauration de l'hymen)

Contenu Sensible

Voir

Hyménoplastie (restauration de l'hymen)

Contenu Sensible

Voir

Photos Avant et Après
Hyménoplastie (restauration de l'hymen)
Hyménoplastie (restauration de l'hymen)
Hyménoplastie (restauration de l'hymen)
image
Valiyeva Elnura
Obstetrician-gynecologist
18 années d'expérience
4.6
13 avis

Valiyeva Elnura

Obstetrician-gynecologist
18 années d'expérience
Azerbaïdjan, Brut
Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku
image
Esra Ozbasli
Obstetrician-gynecologist
21 années d'expérience
5.0
1 avis
Turquie, Istanbul
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra Özbaşlı OBGYN & Genital Aesthetics

Esra Ozbasli

Obstetrician-gynecologist
21 années d'expérience

I am Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra Ozbasli, a board-certified OB-GYN and Genital Cosmetic Surgeon with over 21 years of experience. My dedication to excellence and patient satisfaction has established our clinic as a trusted destination for women’s health and aesthetic procedures in Nişantaşı, heart of Istanbul.I received my medical degree from Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, followed by specialized training in obstetrics and gynecology at Istanbul Zeynep Kamil Women and Children Diseases Training and Research Hospital. After working as an academician at Acıbadem University for 12 years, I became an associate professor there by exhibiting my scientific articles in many respected international scientific journals published in Pubmed. During this period, I trained many medical students and OBGYN specialist colleagues in the field of genital aesthetics surgery, urogyneacology. My advanced training in genital cosmetic surgery provided me with expertise in the latest techniques for enhancing and restoring female genital aesthetics and function. I hold certifications in Genital Aesthetics and Cosmetic Gynecology (Vaginal Rejuvenation), Certificate of da Vinci System Training as a Console Surgeon (since 2013) and the ECFMG certificate for foreign medical graduates. Additionally, I possess advanced-level English proficiency (TOEFL score 600 in 2003), ensuring clear communication with international patients. I have completed an observership in New York University in 2005. 

 

Specialized Services:

 • Genital Cosmetic Surgery: Labioplasty, hudoplasty, vaginoplasty, lipofilling, PRP therapy, hyaluronic acid filling, hymenoplasty, labia majora plasty, vulvar whitening, G-shot, O-shot, treatment of atrophic vagina, lichen sclerosis, and vaginal laxity.

 • Minimally Invasive Surgery: Laparoscopy, robotic surgery, hysteroscopy for fibroids, endometrioma, endometrial polyps, ovarian cysts, tubal ligation, intrauterine septum resection, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and hysterectomy.

 • Menopause Treatment: Bioidentical hormone therapy for managing menopausal symptoms, mezotherapy and laser for atrophic vagina.

•Urinary incontinence treatment: Sling operations (TOT), hyaluronic acid filling, laser treatments.

• Cervical Dysplasia Diagnosis and Treatment: Co-test, PAP-smear, colposcopy guided biopsy and LEEP conization.

 

International Patient Services: 

We offer a package service for our foreign patients that includes: 

• Arrangements for flights and hotel stays • Pick-up service from the airport and hotel • Assistance throughout your stay to ensure a smooth and stress-free experience • Sightseeing of Istanbul before the surgery if requested

 

Why Choose Us: 

• Expertise: With over two decades of specialized experience, I offer advanced surgical techniques and personalized care. 

• Innovation: Utilizing the latest technology in minimally invasive and cosmetic procedures to ensure optimal results.

 • Quality Care: I perform my surgeries in A-class hospitals equipped with advanced technological surgical devices. 

• Compassion: Committed to providing a comfortable, supportive, and private environment for all patients. 

Lire la suite
Labiaplastie

Contenu Sensible

Voir

Hyménoplastie (restauration de l'hymen)

Contenu Sensible

Voir

Hyménoplastie (restauration de l'hymen)

Contenu Sensible

Voir

Photos Avant et Après
Labiaplastie
Hyménoplastie (restauration de l'hymen)
Hyménoplastie (restauration de l'hymen)
image
Ahmet Gocmen
Obstetrician-gynecologist
31 années d'expérience
4.3
87 avis
Turquie, Istanbul
Medicana Atasehir Hospital

Ahmet Gocmen

Obstetrician-gynecologist
31 années d'expérience

Le docteur a une formation approfondie en gynécologie et obstétrique, avec des études supérieures à l'école de médecine de l'université Gazi (1982-1988) et des études postdoctorales à l'école de médecine de l'université Dicle (1989-1993). Le docteur a de l'expérience au sein du département de gynécologie et d'obstétrique du Şişli Memorial Hospital (2017-2021), du département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie de l'hôpital Emsey (2016-2017), du chef du département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie de l'université Medeniyet (2012-2016), ainsi que dans plusieurs autres postes. Le docteur est certifié en FIV et a suivi une formation en chirurgie robotique, en chirurgie laparoscopique et en oncologie gynécologique.

Lire la suite
image
Irana Gorchiyeva
Obstetrician-gynecologist
12 années d'expérience
4.6
13 avis

Irana Gorchiyeva

Obstetrician-gynecologist
12 années d'expérience
Azerbaïdjan, Brut
Liv Bona Dea Hospital Baku
image
Jelena Jevtic Akif
Obstetrician-gynecologist
25 années d'expérience
5.0
1 avis
Emirats Arabes Unis, Dubai
Dubai London Hospital

Jelena Jevtic Akif

Obstetrician-gynecologist
25 années d'expérience

Dr. Jelena is a Specialist Obstetrician & Gynecologist with over 25 years of experience in her field. She began her medical studies in 1986 at the University of Belgrade Medical School, Belgrade. She completed her primary Medical Degree in 1992 and continued with her internship the following year at the Clinical Centre of Serbia while working as a General Practitioner.

Dr. Jelena has worked at the Gynecology & Obstetrics Clinic Narodni front (Belgrade, Serbia), Special Gynecology Hospital Genesis Medical (Belgrade, Serbia) and General Hospital ST MEDICA (Belgrade, Serbia).

She also worked for two years as a Professor in Gynaecology & Obstetrics for students of the High Medical School, Belgrade, Serbia. She held a post as a Consultant in Gynaecology & Obstetrics for several private clinics in Belgrade.
In April 2016, she moved to Dubai where she started to work as Gynaecology & Obstetrics Specialist.

She specialises in Gynaecological and Obstetrical Ultrasound (4D ultrasound), Gynaecology Endocrinology, Lower Genital Tract Pathology, Hysteroscopy, Prenatal and Post-natal care, Antiaging Treatment, Laser Treatment for Stress Urinary Inconsistency and Vaginal Relaxation Syndrome, Laser Vaginal Tightening, Laser Vaginal Rejuvenation/Vaginal Atrophy Laser Treatment, Invasive and Non-Invasive Gynaecological Diagnosis (HSSG, SIS, HSG) & Aesthetic Gynaecology.

Lire la suite
Retraites pour femmes
Photos Avant et Après
Retraites pour femmes
image
irem Yengel
Obstetrician-gynecologist
22 années d'expérience
Turquie, Istanbul
Clinique du Dr. İrem Yengel

irem Yengel

Obstetrician-gynecologist
22 années d'expérience

I was born in Adana on 22.08.1980. I completed my primary and high school education in Adana. In 1998, I took my first step towards my dream profession by getting into Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, which was my first choice. I graduated from Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine in 2004. I entered the Maternity and Obstetrics Department of Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, which was my first choice, by entering the top 10 in Turkey among those who chose the gynecology and obstetrics department in the TUS exam.

 

I made Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital my first choice with the awareness that the more cases are done in surgical branches, the higher the professional competence will be. In fact, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital is one of the hospitals where the most surgeries are performed in Turkey. I performed thousands of surgeries and deliveries during my 5-year residency period.

 

I completed my Gynecology and Obstetrics specialization in 2009 and then I was assigned to Adana Maternity Hospital, which is also one of the hospitals where the most deliveries are performed in Turkey. Between 2009-2012, I completed my compulsory service at Adana Maternity Hospital by doing many cases.

 

After completing my compulsory service, I started working at Istanbul Medipol University Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. I continued my studies intensively in the fields of academic and medical applications. I conducted many scientific studies and experiments both at home and abroad.

 

I especially worked in the fields of pregnancy, miscarriage, birth, genital aesthetics, gynecology and risky pregnancies, infertility, and in vitro fertilization. I completed the Ministry of Health Assisted Reproductive Techniques Certification Programs in both gynecology and obstetrics and in vitro fertilization laboratory applications.

 

In 2018, I worked at Istanbul Memorial Şişli Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic, In Vitro Fertilization and Infertility Department.

 

After receiving the title of faculty member at Medipol University in 2018, I conducted gynecology and obstetrics internship programs as an instructor for Medipol University Faculty of Medicine students.

 

I have articles and experimental studies published in many scientific journals at home and abroad. After working at Medipol University for 5 years (2017-2022), I opened my own clinic and currently serve my patients in my own clinic in Istanbul.

 

My biggest passions in social terms are painting, cinema and traveling. Apart from these, I do reformer pilates and I am a good basketball fan because my children also play. I am the mother of 2 children named Rüzgar and Nehir.

Lire la suite
image
Pasquale Totaro
Obstetrician-gynecologist
31 années d'expérience
Italie, Ils étaient
Ospedale Santa Maria

Pasquale Totaro

Obstetrician-gynecologist
31 années d'expérience

Since January 1993, Dr. Totaro holds the role of the Coordinator of the MAP (Medically Assisted Procreation) Center and of the Obstetrics-Gynecological Ultrasound Center at the Ospedale Santa Maria at the Maternal and Child Department. Under his supervision the Center, one of the leading MAR centers in Italy, performs more than 1,000 procedures a year. Ospedale Santa Maria - is in first position, for number of cycles of IUI, intrauterine insemination (586) - level I technique, while for the number of oocyte thawing procedures - level II and III technique - the hospital of Santa Maria from Bari occupies the 4th place in the national ranking.

In 1986 Dr. Totaro graduated in Medicine and Surgery from the University of Bari, Italy with full marks, where 4 years later he specialized in Gynecology and Obstetrics. He then completed his diploma with participation at numerous professional courses, such as "Biophysical and biochemical monitoring of the fetus" (one year course, 1991, Bari) and obtaining a diploma in Clinical Sexuology from the ELEUSIS – International Center for the study, research and therapy of female, male and couple sexual dysfunctions (two years course, 1996, Bari). 

In order to broaden his knowledge in the obstetrics-gynecological scientific field, Dr. Totaro participates, both as moderator and speaker and as organizer, in numerous conferences, symposiums, congresses and courses (over 40 national and international congresses) and is the author of more than 30 scientific publications. 

 

Dr. Totaro is an active member of the following organizations:

ESHRE (European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology)

SIRU (Italian Society of Human Reproduction)

SIGO (Italian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics)

AOGOI (Italian Association of Hospital Obstetricians and Gynecologists)

SIMOP (Italian Society of Private Hospital Doctors)

ESG (European Society of Gynecology).

Lire la suite
image
Murat Naki
Gynecologic oncologist
24 années d'expérience
5.0
2 avis
Turquie, Istanbul
Medipol Acibadem District Hospital

Murat Naki

Gynecologic oncologist
24 années d'expérience

Education: 

1991 Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. 

Experience:

  •  
  • 2000 – 2004, S. B. Göztepe Training and Research Hospital / Research Assistant
  • 2005 – 2009, S. B. Göztepe Training and Research Hospital / Chief Resident
  • 2006, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Department of Gynecologic Oncology / Clinical Observer and Researcher
  • 2007 – 2008, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, USA / Clinical Observer and Researcher
  • 2009 – 2010, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital / Chief Resident
  • 2010 – 2013, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital / Education and Administrative Responsible
  • 2011, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital / Subspecialty Training in Gynecologic Oncology Surgery
  • 2013 – 2014, Bahçeşehir University Faculty of Medicine / Associate Professor
  • 2014 – 2016, Medipol University Faculty of Medicine / Associate Professor
  • 2016 – 2018, Acıbadem University Faculty of Medicine / Associate Professor
  • 2018 – 2020, Acıbadem University Faculty of Medicine / Professor
Lire la suite
image
Busra Budak
Obstetrician-gynecologist
8 années d'expérience
4.5
3 avis
Turquie, Istanbul
Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH)

Busra Budak

Obstetrician-gynecologist
8 années d'expérience

Specializations

 

Normal Birth and Caesarean Birth

Normal and Risky Pregnancy Follow-up

Hysteroscopic - Laparoscopic Surgery

Urinary Incontinence Treatment

Gynecological Surgery

Infertility Diagnosis and Treatment

Cervical cancer screening; HPV, smear test

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lire la suite
image
Ireri Asteinza
Obstetrician-gynecologist
33 années d'expérience
Mexique, Mexico
Clinique du DR. IRERI ASTEINZA

Ireri Asteinza

Obstetrician-gynecologist
33 années d'expérience
Injections de Botox
Injections de Botox
Injections de Botox
image
Norberto Reyes Paredes
Obstetrician-gynecologist
27 années d'expérience
Mexique, Mexico
DioMed Hospital

Norberto Reyes Paredes

Obstetrician-gynecologist
27 années d'expérience

Chirurgien diplômé de l'École mexicaine de médecine de l'université La Salle, il a suivi le cours de spécialisation en gynécologie et obstétrique à l'Institut national de périnatologie Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes. Il est certifié par le Conseil mexicain de gynécologie et d'obstétrique. Il est thanatologue de l'Institut mexicain de thanatologie et de l'UNAM. Il a suivi des cours et obtenu des diplômes en chirurgie endoscopique gynécologique (laparoscopie, hystéroscopie et colposcopie). Il est également conférencier pour divers collèges et associations médicales.

Lire la suite
image
Esther Iyune Cojab
Obstetrician-gynecologist
8 années d'expérience
5.0
1 avis
Mexique, Cancún
Advanced Fertility Center Cancun

Esther Iyune Cojab

Obstetrician-gynecologist
8 années d'expérience
  • Bachelor of Surgeon graduated from the Universidad Anáhuac Norte
  • Specialty in Gynecology and Obstetrics graduated from the National Institute of Perinatology
  • Subspecialty in Biology of Human Reproduction graduated from the National Institute of Perinatology

Professional ID: 8038355/10926456

  • Gynecology and obstetrics consultation
  • Colposcopy
  • Normal and high risk pregnancy
  • Family planning consultations, climacteric/menopause and couples with infertility
Lire la suite
image
Alfonso Gerardo Suastegui Navarro
Obstetrician-gynecologist
6 années d'expérience
5.0
1 avis
Mexique, Cancún
Advanced Fertility Center Cancun

Alfonso Gerardo Suastegui Navarro

Obstetrician-gynecologist
6 années d'expérience
  • Médico Cirujano y partero egresado Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Guadalajara.
  • Formación como Médico Residente en la especialidad de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Nuevo Hospital de Guadalajara ‘Dr. Juan Ignacio Menchaca’
  • Realizó su servicio social en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar #34 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.
  • Especialidad en Ginecología y Obstetricia en el Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, Jalisco, generación 2016-2020.
  • Subespecialidad en Biología de la Reproducción Humana en el Instituto Mexicano de Infertilidad, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Generación 2020-2022.
  • Experiencia docente como Instructor en el desarrollo de las prácticas de laboratorio de la materia ‘Inmunología’
  • Participación en la estancia académica del XVII Verano de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica del Pacífico, en las instalaciones de la Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica del Hospital General Regional No. 1 ‘Carlos Mac Gregor Sanchez Navarro’ con el trabajo ‘PREVALENCIA DE NEUROPATÍA DIABETICA PERIFERICA DISTAL ASOCIADA A CONTROL METABOLICO DE ACUERDO A LA ADA’
  • Participación en el protocolo de investigación sobre ‘Mecánica Arterial’ en las instalaciones del Departamento de Investigación Cardiovascular del Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud.

 

Lire la suite
Fécondation In Vitro (FIV)
Fécondation In Vitro (FIV)
Fécondation In Vitro (FIV)
Fécondation In Vitro (FIV)
Photos Avant et Après
Fécondation In Vitro (FIV)
Fécondation In Vitro (FIV)
Fécondation In Vitro (FIV)
Fécondation In Vitro (FIV)