Les meilleurs doctors en Turquie pour votre Ablation du polype duodénal - TOP 28 des médecins

Le Dr Tarık Akar est diplômé de l'École de médecine Cerrahpaşa de l'Université d'Istanbul en 2000 et a obtenu le titre d'« Interniste » en 2004. Il a publié 19 articles internationaux, 6 articles locaux et 25 présentations lors de congrès locaux et internationaux. Ses domaines d'intérêt médical comprennent l'achalasie, l'ESD, la CPRE, le diverticule de Zenker et la gastroparésie.

Education and Expertise Ankara University Faculty of Medicine – Medical Education Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital - General Surgery Specialization Türkiye Higher Specialization Training and Research Hospital - Gastroenterology Surgery Specialization MD Anderson Cancer Center, Surgical Oncology Unit, Houston, USA Texas University Memorial Herrman Hospital, Transplantation Center, Houston; USA Experience Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, General Surgery Assistant Türkiye Higher Specialization Training and Research Hospital - Gastroenterology Surgery Minor Marmara University, Pendik Training and Research Hospital - Specialist Doctor Marmara University Faculty of Medicine – Associate Professor Professional Memberships Turkish Surgical Association Association of Gastroenterology Surgery Turkish Bariatric Surgery Association Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery AssociationINTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS Ozkan E, Yardimci S, Dulundu E, Topaloğlu U, Sehirli O, Ercan F, Velioğlu-Oğünç A, Sener G. Protective potential of montelukast against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res. 2010 Mar;159(1):588-94. Ibrahim Koral Onal, Gurel Nessar, Samet Yardimci, Nesrin Turhan, Mevlut Kurt, Aysel Ulker. RecentOnset Ulcerative Colitis Complicated By Colon Ischemia In An Elderly Patient. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Volume 58, Issue7, p1417-1418, July 2010 Yardimci S, Ulas M, Surmelioglu A, Bostanci E B Splenic recurrence of liver hydatid cyst and spleen preserving therapy Singapore Med J 2011; 52(11): e223 Samet Destek Letter to the Editor: Author's Reply: Recurrent Splenic Hydatid Cyst.. Singapore Med J 2012;53(2): 150 Yardimci S, Bostanci EB, Ozer I, Dalgiç T, Surmelioglu A, Aydog G, Akoglu M. Sildenafil Accelerates Liver Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy in Rats. Transplan Proc. 2012 Jul-Aug; 44(6): 1747-50 Yıldız MK, Ozkan E, Odabaşı HM, Eriş C, Günay E, Abuoğlu HH, Kaya B, Yardımcı S, Müftüoglu MT, Topaloglu U. Analysis of 120 patients with abdominal stab wound focusing on diagnostic role of fast. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014 May 15;7(5):1386-90. Yardimci S, Uprak TK, Kombak FE, Kaya H, Yegen SC. Ruptured gastric stromal tumor into gastric lumen with an abscess. ANZ J Surg. 2014 Sep;84(9):687-9. Velioglu A, Aksu B, Asicioglu E, Arıkan H, Tinay I, Yardimci S, Yegen C, Tuglular S, Ozener C. Association of BK Virus Titers With Lymphocyte Count in Renal Transplant Patients. TransplantProc. 2015 Jun;47(5):1421-4. Yardimci S, Kara YB, Tuney D, Attaallah W, Ugurlu MU, Dulundu E, Yegen ŞC. A Simple Method to Evaluate Whether Pancreas Texture Can Be Used to Predict Pancreatic Fistula Risk After Pancreatoduodenectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015 Sep;19(9):1625-31. doi: 10.1007/s11605-015- 2855-7. Epub 2015 May 16. Samet Yardimci, Mustafa Ümit Uğurlu, Mümin Coşkun, Wafi Attaallah, Şevket Cumhur Yeğen, Neutrophil - Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume Can Be a Predictor for the Severity of Acute Appendicitis. National Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2016 Mar;22(2):163-8. doi: 10.5505/tjtes.2015.89346. Dulundu E, Attaallah W, Tilki M, Yegen C, Coskun S, Coskun M, Erdim A, Tanrikulu E, Yardimci S, Gunal O. Simultaneous resection for colorectal cancer 

Eğitim:

• Lisans Derecesi (MD): Tıp Fakültesi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1989

Uzmanlık Eğitimi ve Deneyim:

• Genel Cerrahi Uzmanlık Derecesi: Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, 1997
• Yan Dal (Fellowship): Gastroenteroloji Cerrahisi, Türkiye Yüksek İhtisas Hastanesi, 2005

Akademik Kariyer:

• Doçentlik: Genel Cerrahi, İnönü Üniversitesi, 2011
• Profesörlük: Genel Cerrahi, İnönü Üniversitesi, 2017

Dr. Bilal Ergul, MD, is a pioneering force in the field of gastroenterology.  

His innovative treatment protocols have transformed the lives of many patients, including a remarkable case where he successfully treated a patient with a Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) surgery.

Dr. Bilal Ergul, often says, ‘Healing is more than treating a condition; it’s about restoring hope and improving lives.’ This philosophy is evident in every aspect of his work, making his and his team truly inspirational figure in the medical community."
He has authored around 100 publications in different academic topics

Experience:

2022 - 

Medipol Bahçelievler

2021 - 2022

MEDIPOL UNIVERSITY SEFAKÖY HOSPITAL

2018 - 2020

İSTİNYE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

2014 - 2020

TOKAT STATE HOSPITAL

2010 - 2010

BINGOL STATE HOSPITAL

Education:

2021

MEDIPOL UNIVERSITY, GASTROTEROLOGY

2018

İSTINYE UNIVERSITY, INTERNAL DISEASES USA

2014

ANKARA TRAINING AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL, GASTROENTEROLOGY

2010

FIRAT UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE/INTERNAL MEDICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT/INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT

2004

FIRAT UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE

A. International Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles:

Title: Fatal fulminant hepatitis B after withdrawal of entecavir treatment in a patient with HBeAg seroconversion.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Koçak Erdem, Köklü Seyfettin, Babalı Ayşegül, Çakal Başak
• Journal: Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica
• Year: 2012
• Volume/Issue: (Kontrol No: 1206043)

Title: Acute gastric obstruction resulting from gallstone-induced bezoar.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Koçak Erdem, Köklü Seyfettin, Akbal Erdem
• Journal: The American Surgeon
• Year: 2012
• Volume/Issue: 78(12)
• Page: 529
• (Kontrol No: 1129707)

Title: Garlic-induced esophagitis.

• Authors: Doğan Zeynal, Sarıkaya Murat, Filik Levent, Ergül Bilal
• Journal: Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 76(2)
• Page: 262
• (Kontrol No: 1131422)

Title: Association between Helicobacter pylori and liver-to-spleen ratio.

• Authors: Doğan Zeynal, Sarıkaya Murat, Filik Levent, Ergül Bilal
• Journal: European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 25(1)
• Pages: 107-110
• Citations: 7
• DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283590c10
• (Kontrol No: 1131424)

Title: Crohn's disease masked by median arcuate ligament syndrome.

• Authors: Bıyıkoğlu İbrahim, Sarıkaya Murat, Uysal Ramadan Selma, Ergül Bilal, Doğan Zeynal
• Journal: Chinese Medical Journal
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 126 (14)
• Page: 2798
• Citations: 1
• (Kontrol No: 1131477)

Title: Telaprevir and anemia: What we learned from the first three patients.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Doğan Zeynal, Ergül Bilal, Filik Levent
• Journal: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 45(7)
• Page: 575-575
• Citations: 2
• DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2012.759271
• (Kontrol No: 1129738)

Title: Magnesium and parathyroid hormone levels of patients using different proton pump inhibitors.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Filik Levent, Ergul Bilal, Doğan Zeynal
• Journal: Gastroenterology Nursing
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 36 (2)
• Pages: 145-148
• DOI: 10.1097/SGA.0b013e31828d3753
• (Kontrol No: 1129715)

Title: Is topical pharyngeal anesthesia necessary in esophagogastroduodenoscopy in all unsedated patients?

• Authors: Ergül Bilal, Sarıkaya Murat, Doğan Zeynal, Filik Levent, Bıyıkoğlu İbrahim
• Journal: Digestive Endoscopy
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 25(1)
• Pages: 90-91
• Citations: 2
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2012.01383.x
• (Kontrol No: 1129879)

Title: Inpatient Care Of Hepatitis C: Applying The Four Pillars Model To The Hospital Setting.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Filik Levent, Doğan Zeynal, Ergül Bilal
• Journal: Gastroenterology Nursing
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 36(2)
• Pages: 141-144
• DOI: 10.1097/SGA.0b013e31828d33db
• (Kontrol No: 1129712)

Title: "The "Bouveret's Syndrome" Case Resolved Without Necrotic Changes."

• Authors: Bilal Ergül, Murat Sarıkaya, Zeynal Doğan, Sevda İdil, Tarkan Karakan, Abdullah Çetin Köseoğlu
• Journal: Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 2013
• Article ID: 725434
• DOI: 10.1155/2013/725434
• (Kontrol No: 1131423)

Title: Severe acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Doğan Zeynal, Ergül Bilal, Filik Levent, Bıyıkoğlu İbrahim
• Journal: Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 2013
• Article ID: 945902
• DOI: 10.1155/2013/945902
• (Kontrol No: 1131425)

Title: Gallstone Ileus Caused by Cholecystoenteric Fistula Demonstrated on Computed Tomography.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Doğan Zeynal, Ergül Bilal, Filik Levent, Sevda İdil
• Journal: Case Reports in Medicine
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 2013
• Article ID: 652960
• DOI: 10.1155/2013/652960
• (Kontrol No: 1131426)

Title: Intestinal Perforation Due to Ingested Chicken Bone Mimicking Crohn's Disease.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Doğan Zeynal, Ergül Bilal, Filik Levent
• Journal: Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 2013
• Article ID: 604820
• DOI: 10.1155/2013/604820
• (Kontrol No: 1131427)

Title: Acute pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia: A case-based review.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Doğan Zeynal, Ergül Bilal, Filik Levent
• Journal: Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 24(3)
• Pages: 276-280
• DOI: 10.4318/tjg.2013.0565
• (Kontrol No: 1129727)

Title: An Unusual Complication of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Severe Acute Pancreatitis Leading to Death.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Doğan Zeynal, Ergül Bilal, Filik Levent, Tarkan Karakan
• Journal: Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 2013
• Article ID: 658370
• DOI: 10.1155/2013/658370
• (Kontrol No: 1131475)

Title: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain: Mesenteric Panniculitis.

• Authors: Sarıkaya Murat, Doğan Zeynal, Ergül Bilal, Filik Levent
• Journal: Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine
• Year: 2013
• Volume/Issue: 2013
• Article ID: 925259
• DOI: 10.1155/2013/925259
• (Kontrol No: 1131476)

B. Contributions to Scientific Conferences:

Title: Suicidal poisonings in Turkey: demographic and clinical aspects.

• Authors: Sarikaya M., Gunes A., Goksu E., Erdogan G., Ozen C., Kaya A.
• Conference: 30th European Congress of Clinical Toxicology (EAPCCT)
• Year: 2000
• Abstract ID: P44
• (Kontrol No: 1131478)

Title: A Rare Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Aortoenteric Fistula.

• Authors: Doğan Zeynal, Sarıkaya Murat, Filik Levent, Ergül Bilal
• Conference: World Congress of Gastroenterology
• Year: 2013
• Abstract ID: P1367
• (Kontrol No: 1131479)

Specializations

Cancer Surgery

Pancreatic Surgery

Bile Duct Surgery

Bariatric Metabolic Surgery

Oncological Surgery

Breast Surgery

Gastric cancer

Colon cancer

Thyroid Cancer

Obesity Surgery

Diabetes Surgeries

Education: 

Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine 

Specialization Training: 

Baskent University Faculty of Medicine. Internal diseases 

Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Gastroenterology Minor 

Worked Institutions: 

Tekirdag State Hospital (Compulsory Service) 

Demiroğlu Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Gastroenterology 

Medical Interests: 

Endoscopy-Colonoscopy 

ERCP 

Hepatology 

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 

Liver Transplantation

ACADEMIC CAREER SUMMARY

Degree: Bachelor's
Field: Medicine
University: Atatürk University
Year: 2001

Degree: Master's
Field: Medicine
University: Atatürk University
Year: 2001

Specialization/Doctorate: Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology
University: İnönü University
Year: 2012

Associate Professorship: Gastroenterology
University: İnönü University
Year: 2018

Foreign Language: English, 67.5, 2007

H-index (WoS/Google): 8/10

Impact Factor: 8.1577

Key Research Work:
“Does apocynin increase liver regeneration in the partial hepatectomy model?” Yılmaz Bilgiç, Burhan Hakan Kanat, Onural ÖZHAN, Azibe YILDIZ, Zeynep AKSUNGUR, Mehmet Erman ERDEMLİ, Nigar VARDI, Yusuf TÜRKÖZ, Sami AKBULUT, Adem KÖSE, Hakan PARLAKPINAR. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2023 (53), 1-12 Q3.

Declared Project Title, Year:
K.3.6. “Investigation of the Effects of Vinpocetine in Sepsis Created by Cecal Ligation and Puncture in Rats” (Principal Investigator), 2023

International Experience:
Advanced Endoscopy Training, Anam Hospital, South Korea (3 months, 2016)
Advanced ERCP Course, Olympus Training Center, Hamburg (2017)

ADMINISTRATIVE POSITIONS

• Institution: İnönü University Turgut Özal Medical Center
  City: Malatya
  Position: Assistant Chief Physician
  Period: 2021 - 2024

UNIVERSITÉ

Faculté de médecine de l'Université d'Ankara

UNIVERSITÉ OÙ IL PREND SA EXPERTISE

Chirurgie générale de l'hôpital de formation et de recherche de Göztepe

CONGRÈS PARTICIPÉS

Congrès national de chirurgie endoscopique et laparoscopique

Congrès mondial sur les controverses en vue d'un consensus sur le diabète, l'obésité et l'hypertension

Congrès de Chirurgie Bariatrique et Métabolique

Réunions de chirurgie de Cerrahpaşa Association turque de chirurgie bariatrique

Specializations

Cancer Surgery

Pancreatic Surgery

Bile Duct Surgery

Bariatric Metabolic Surgery

Oncological Surgery

Breast Surgery

Gastric cancer

Colon cancer

Thyroid Cancer

Obesity Surgery

Diabetes Surgeries

Education

Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine (1991)

KTÜ Faculty of Medicine Farabi Hospital (Specialization.1998)

Istanbul University Çapa Faculty of Medicine (Laparoscopic Surgery Training, 2002)

Istanbul University Çapa Faculty of Medicine (Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery Training, 2006)

Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine (General Surgery Clinic Advance Laparoscopic Surgery, Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery, Morbid Obesity and Oncological Cancer Surgery Training, 2010i)

Gastro-entérologie

Pendik Medipol University Hospital

Education

1999 Université technique de Karadeniz, Gastro-entérologie

1997Université d'Atatürk, chaire de maladies internes

1992 Atatürk University, Professeur associé en maladies internes 

1985 Atatürk University, Internal Diseases Specialist 

1981 Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine

Publications

1- Nihat Okçu Gülçin Polat,Arif Yılmaz,Mehmet Koruk,The demographıc features of gastrıc cancers in erzurum(Eurasian J Med 2000 ; 32 : 63-65)

2- An Evaluation of Cases with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Klinik Bilimler-Doktor.2000, - E.akarsu,N.Okçu, ve Ark.Kuzeydoğu Anadolu'da 6:4:435-438

3-N.Okçu, A.yılmaz. İ.kiki,M.D.onuk, C.gündoğdu, H.uzunismail. Résultats de l'endoscopie diagnostique du tractus gastro-intestinal supérieur. Atatürk University Medical Journal 1997,29 (2):486

4-N. Okçu, M.gündoğdu, M.D. onuk, İ.kiki, l.cerrahoğlu, k.yılmaz, i.çapoğlu. The Role of Misoprostol in the Prevention of Gastroduodenal Lesions in Patients Using Nonsteroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) (Le rôle du misoprostol dans la prévention des lésions gastroduodénales chez les patients utilisant des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens). Atatürk University Medical Journal 1997,29 (2):453-455.

5-N.Okçu, A. öz, m.d. onuk, e.akarsu, b. tekin, h.z. tonbul, h.kaya. Plasma Fibronectin Levels in Decopansed Liver Parenchymal Failure with Chronic Active Hepatitis and Its Relationship with Liver Function Status. Turkish J. Gastroenterol 1995;27(4) : 422-426.

6-N.Okçu, tahir buran,m.d. onuk,a. yılmaz, e.akarsu, g. akçay. Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer in Erzurum and Surroundings (Prévalence d'Helicobacter Pylori chez les patients atteints d'ulcère duodénal à Erzurum et dans les environs). Türk J. Gastroenterol 1995;27(4) : 447-450.

7-N.Okçu, b.s. uyanık, e. akarsu, e. bakan, z. tonbul. The Importance of Carbohydrate Antigens (CA-19-9, CA-125), Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Alkaline Phosphatase in Gastric and Colorectal Cancers. Türk J. Gastroenterol 1995;6:467-471.

8-N. Okçu, m.d. onuk, e. akarsu, h. doğan, c. gündoğdu. Major Risk Factors in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Our Region. Gastroenterology 1994;5(2):154-157

9-N.Okçu, m.d. onuk, e. akarsu, h. doğan, c.gündoğdu, tahir buran. Gastric Carcinoma Frequency, Endoscopic and Histological Features in Erzurum Region (Fréquence des carcinomes gastriques, caractéristiques endoscopiques et histologiques dans la région d'Erzurum). Gastroenterology 1994;5(2):263-267.

10-N. Okçu, m.d. onuk, tahir buran, e. akarsu, m.a. çiftçioğlu. The Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori in Cases with Nonspecific Gastritis in the Surroundings of Erzurum Province. Gastroenterology 1994;5(2):211-213.

11-N.Okçu, m.d. onuk, ö. unal, e. akarsu, l. incesu, k. akgöz. Valeur diagnostique de la biopsie par aspiration à l'aiguille fine guidée par échographie dans les lésions de masse intra-abdominales. Gastroenterology 1993;4(1):166-68.

12-N.O.kçu, m.d. onuk, m. polat, a. yılmaz, m. gündoğdu, m. paç. Budd-Chiari Syndrome (2 cas). Türk J Gastroenterhepatol 1993 ; 4(1):77-80.

13-N.Okçu, h. koçak, m.d. onuk, m. gündoğdu, e. bakan, a. yılmaz, a. başoğlu, a. ateş, f.a. paç. The Effect of Atrial Pressure Changes and Cardiac Nerves on Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Levels. Vascular Surgery 1993 ; 27(2) : 128-132

15-N.Okçu, m.d. onuk, a.yılmaz, m. gündoğdu, t. buran. Effets de l'oméprozole et de la ranitidine sur la cicatrisation de l'ulcère gastroduodénal. Doğa-Tr.J. of Medical Sciences 1992;16:657-658.

16-N. Okçu, m.r. yiğitoğlu, b. adam, e. bakan. The Effect of Digixin on Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (L'effet de Digixin sur les niveaux plasmatiques de peptide natriurétique auriculaire chez les patients atteints d'insuffisance cardiaque congestive). S.Ü. Tıp Fak. Journal 1991;7(2):243-247..

17-N.Okçu, a. yılmaz. The Effect of Histamine H2 -Receptor Antagonists in Upper Gastrointestinal System Haemorrhages. Endoscopy Journal 1991;2(4):17-23.

18-N.Okçu, E. bakan, b. adam, a. yılmaz, m.r. yiğitoğlu. Sex Hormones and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Levels in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis and Liver Cirrhosis (Letter to the Editor). Doga-Tr. J. Of Medical Sciences 1991;15:1-2.

19-N.Okcu Ömer Yılmaz.Helıcobacter pylori and related gastroıntestınal system dıseases Turkiye Klinikleri JMed Sci. 2013;33(3):806-13

20-Nihat Okçu , Ömer yılmaz, hakan dursun, gülçin polat. La relation entre les symptômes dyspeptiques et les habitudes alimentaires, les résultats endoscopiques et histologiques (Eurasian J Med 2006 ; 38 : 13-17)

21-Mehmet Bilici,1Nihat Okcu,1Kerim Cayır,1Ibrahim Pirim,2Salim B. Tekin,1etCemal Gundogdu3 - Distribution des groupes de tissus HLA chez les patients atteints de cancer de l'estomac Eurasian J Med. 2010 Apr ; 42(1) : 9.11.

22-Nihat Okcu,Abdulhalim Bak,Mehmet Sari,Mehmet Arslan,Sait Kapicioglu :La prolifération des fibroblastes, la relation entre le facteur de croissance des hépatocytes (HGF) et l'interféron-A2A Gastroenterology April 2000Volume 118,Issue 4, Part 2, PageA1404

23-Kubra Kaynar,Sait Kapicioglu,Mehmet Sari,Nihat Okcu,Abdulhalim Baki. L'effet de l'huile de poisson sur la prophylaxie de l'ulcère de stress GastroenterologyVolume 118, Issue 4, Part 2, PageA1255

Le Dr X est un médecin certifié avec plus de 25 ans d'expérience dans les domaines de la gastro-entérologie, de la médecine interne et de l'endoscopie. Il possède une expertise dans un certain nombre de procédures endoscopiques, notamment l'œsophagogastroduodénoscopie, la coloscopie, la ligature des bandes variqueuses de l'œsophage et la dilatation par ballonnet d'achalasie. Il a également réalisé une gastrostomie endoscopique percutanée, l'ablation de corps étrangers et une biopsie du foie à l'aiguille.