Pakize EKER BALCIOĞLU, M.D., graduated from Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, and completed her residency training at the General Surgery Department, School of Medicine, Marmara University. She has authored articles in local and international journals and has fields of medical interest in breast pain, hemorrhoid treatments, anal fissure treatments, pilonidal sinus treatments, and lipomas. She has worked at Marmara University Hospital, Atlas Hospital, Maltepe Ersoy Hospital, and Sultanbeyli Ersoy Hospital.
Lire la suitePakize EKER BALCIOĞLU, M.D., graduated from Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, and completed her residency training at the General Surgery Department, School of Medicine, Marmara University. She has authored articles in local and international journals and has fields of medical interest in breast pain, hemorrhoid treatments, anal fissure treatments, pilonidal sinus treatments, and lipomas. She has worked at Marmara University Hospital, Atlas Hospital, Maltepe Ersoy Hospital, and Sultanbeyli Ersoy Hospital.
Education and Expertise Ankara University Faculty of Medicine – Medical Education Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital - General Surgery Specialization Türkiye Higher Specialization Training and Research Hospital - Gastroenterology Surgery Specialization MD Anderson Cancer Center, Surgical Oncology Unit, Houston, USA Texas University Memorial Herrman Hospital, Transplantation Center, Houston; USA Experience Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, General Surgery Assistant Türkiye Higher Specialization Training and Research Hospital - Gastroenterology Surgery Minor Marmara University, Pendik Training and Research Hospital - Specialist Doctor Marmara University Faculty of Medicine – Associate Professor Professional Memberships Turkish Surgical Association Association of Gastroenterology Surgery Turkish Bariatric Surgery Association Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery AssociationINTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS Ozkan E, Yardimci S, Dulundu E, Topaloğlu U, Sehirli O, Ercan F, Velioğlu-Oğünç A, Sener G. Protective potential of montelukast against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res. 2010 Mar;159(1):588-94. Ibrahim Koral Onal, Gurel Nessar, Samet Yardimci, Nesrin Turhan, Mevlut Kurt, Aysel Ulker. RecentOnset Ulcerative Colitis Complicated By Colon Ischemia In An Elderly Patient. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Volume 58, Issue7, p1417-1418, July 2010 Yardimci S, Ulas M, Surmelioglu A, Bostanci E B Splenic recurrence of liver hydatid cyst and spleen preserving therapy Singapore Med J 2011; 52(11): e223 Samet Destek Letter to the Editor: Author's Reply: Recurrent Splenic Hydatid Cyst.. Singapore Med J 2012;53(2): 150 Yardimci S, Bostanci EB, Ozer I, Dalgiç T, Surmelioglu A, Aydog G, Akoglu M. Sildenafil Accelerates Liver Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy in Rats. Transplan Proc. 2012 Jul-Aug; 44(6): 1747-50 Yıldız MK, Ozkan E, Odabaşı HM, Eriş C, Günay E, Abuoğlu HH, Kaya B, Yardımcı S, Müftüoglu MT, Topaloglu U. Analysis of 120 patients with abdominal stab wound focusing on diagnostic role of fast. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014 May 15;7(5):1386-90. Yardimci S, Uprak TK, Kombak FE, Kaya H, Yegen SC. Ruptured gastric stromal tumor into gastric lumen with an abscess. ANZ J Surg. 2014 Sep;84(9):687-9. Velioglu A, Aksu B, Asicioglu E, Arıkan H, Tinay I, Yardimci S, Yegen C, Tuglular S, Ozener C. Association of BK Virus Titers With Lymphocyte Count in Renal Transplant Patients. TransplantProc. 2015 Jun;47(5):1421-4. Yardimci S, Kara YB, Tuney D, Attaallah W, Ugurlu MU, Dulundu E, Yegen ŞC. A Simple Method to Evaluate Whether Pancreas Texture Can Be Used to Predict Pancreatic Fistula Risk After Pancreatoduodenectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015 Sep;19(9):1625-31. doi: 10.1007/s11605-015- 2855-7. Epub 2015 May 16. Samet Yardimci, Mustafa Ümit Uğurlu, Mümin Coşkun, Wafi Attaallah, Şevket Cumhur Yeğen, Neutrophil - Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume Can Be a Predictor for the Severity of Acute Appendicitis. National Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2016 Mar;22(2):163-8. doi: 10.5505/tjtes.2015.89346. Dulundu E, Attaallah W, Tilki M, Yegen C, Coskun S, Coskun M, Erdim A, Tanrikulu E, Yardimci S, Gunal O. Simultaneous resection for colorectal cancer
Lire la suiteEducation and Expertise Ankara University Faculty of Medicine – Medical Education Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital - General Surgery Specialization Türkiye Higher Specialization Training and Research Hospital - Gastroenterology Surgery Specialization MD Anderson Cancer Center, Surgical Oncology Unit, Houston, USA Texas University Memorial Herrman Hospital, Transplantation Center, Houston; USA Experience Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, General Surgery Assistant Türkiye Higher Specialization Training and Research Hospital - Gastroenterology Surgery Minor Marmara University, Pendik Training and Research Hospital - Specialist Doctor Marmara University Faculty of Medicine – Associate Professor Professional Memberships Turkish Surgical Association Association of Gastroenterology Surgery Turkish Bariatric Surgery Association Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery AssociationINTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS Ozkan E, Yardimci S, Dulundu E, Topaloğlu U, Sehirli O, Ercan F, Velioğlu-Oğünç A, Sener G. Protective potential of montelukast against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res. 2010 Mar;159(1):588-94. Ibrahim Koral Onal, Gurel Nessar, Samet Yardimci, Nesrin Turhan, Mevlut Kurt, Aysel Ulker. RecentOnset Ulcerative Colitis Complicated By Colon Ischemia In An Elderly Patient. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Volume 58, Issue7, p1417-1418, July 2010 Yardimci S, Ulas M, Surmelioglu A, Bostanci E B Splenic recurrence of liver hydatid cyst and spleen preserving therapy Singapore Med J 2011; 52(11): e223 Samet Destek Letter to the Editor: Author's Reply: Recurrent Splenic Hydatid Cyst.. Singapore Med J 2012;53(2): 150 Yardimci S, Bostanci EB, Ozer I, Dalgiç T, Surmelioglu A, Aydog G, Akoglu M. Sildenafil Accelerates Liver Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy in Rats. Transplan Proc. 2012 Jul-Aug; 44(6): 1747-50 Yıldız MK, Ozkan E, Odabaşı HM, Eriş C, Günay E, Abuoğlu HH, Kaya B, Yardımcı S, Müftüoglu MT, Topaloglu U. Analysis of 120 patients with abdominal stab wound focusing on diagnostic role of fast. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014 May 15;7(5):1386-90. Yardimci S, Uprak TK, Kombak FE, Kaya H, Yegen SC. Ruptured gastric stromal tumor into gastric lumen with an abscess. ANZ J Surg. 2014 Sep;84(9):687-9. Velioglu A, Aksu B, Asicioglu E, Arıkan H, Tinay I, Yardimci S, Yegen C, Tuglular S, Ozener C. Association of BK Virus Titers With Lymphocyte Count in Renal Transplant Patients. TransplantProc. 2015 Jun;47(5):1421-4. Yardimci S, Kara YB, Tuney D, Attaallah W, Ugurlu MU, Dulundu E, Yegen ŞC. A Simple Method to Evaluate Whether Pancreas Texture Can Be Used to Predict Pancreatic Fistula Risk After Pancreatoduodenectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015 Sep;19(9):1625-31. doi: 10.1007/s11605-015- 2855-7. Epub 2015 May 16. Samet Yardimci, Mustafa Ümit Uğurlu, Mümin Coşkun, Wafi Attaallah, Şevket Cumhur Yeğen, Neutrophil - Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume Can Be a Predictor for the Severity of Acute Appendicitis. National Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2016 Mar;22(2):163-8. doi: 10.5505/tjtes.2015.89346. Dulundu E, Attaallah W, Tilki M, Yegen C, Coskun S, Coskun M, Erdim A, Tanrikulu E, Yardimci S, Gunal O. Simultaneous resection for colorectal cancer
Dr. Sertkaya graduated from Konya Meram Science High School in 2001 and entered Gazi University Medical Faculty the same year, graduating in 2008. He completed his urology specialization at Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital in 2014, becoming a urology specialist.
Since becoming a specialist, he has focused on the sub-branch of Andrology, attending various training sessions and conferences and performing surgeries with some of the world's leading Andrology professors. In 2017, he passed the written and oral proficiency exams conducted by the European Association of Urology, earning the title of "FEBU."
In 2020, Dr. Sertkaya achieved the rank of Associate Professor of Urology. His journey in Urology and Andrology, which began in 2008, continues at the Andro Expertise Male Health and Aesthetics Center, which he founded in 2022. He sees patients in his own clinic and performs surgeries at affiliated hospitals.
Lire la suiteDr. Sertkaya graduated from Konya Meram Science High School in 2001 and entered Gazi University Medical Faculty the same year, graduating in 2008. He completed his urology specialization at Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital in 2014, becoming a urology specialist.
Since becoming a specialist, he has focused on the sub-branch of Andrology, attending various training sessions and conferences and performing surgeries with some of the world's leading Andrology professors. In 2017, he passed the written and oral proficiency exams conducted by the European Association of Urology, earning the title of "FEBU."
In 2020, Dr. Sertkaya achieved the rank of Associate Professor of Urology. His journey in Urology and Andrology, which began in 2008, continues at the Andro Expertise Male Health and Aesthetics Center, which he founded in 2022. He sees patients in his own clinic and performs surgeries at affiliated hospitals.
Né en 1981 à Erzincan. Après avoir terminé le lycée Beşiktaş Atatürk Anadolu en 1999, il est entré à l'université d'Istanbul Çapa, à la faculté de médecine.
En 2005, j'ai obtenu mon master et j'ai commencé à pratiquer à l'hôpital d'État de Yüksekova. Il a obtenu son doctorat à l'hôpital de formation et de recherche Okmeydanı dans le service de chirurgie générale. En tant que spécialiste en chirurgie générale, il a travaillé à l'hôpital d'État Zonguldak Atatürk pendant 5 ans et à l'hôpital de formation et de recherche Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank pendant 3 ans.
A travaillé en tant que professeur adjoint à l'université Medipol d'Istanbul, au département de chirurgie générale. Travaille actuellement à l'hôpital Pendik de l'université Medipol.
Lire la suiteNé en 1981 à Erzincan. Après avoir terminé le lycée Beşiktaş Atatürk Anadolu en 1999, il est entré à l'université d'Istanbul Çapa, à la faculté de médecine.
En 2005, j'ai obtenu mon master et j'ai commencé à pratiquer à l'hôpital d'État de Yüksekova. Il a obtenu son doctorat à l'hôpital de formation et de recherche Okmeydanı dans le service de chirurgie générale. En tant que spécialiste en chirurgie générale, il a travaillé à l'hôpital d'État Zonguldak Atatürk pendant 5 ans et à l'hôpital de formation et de recherche Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank pendant 3 ans.
A travaillé en tant que professeur adjoint à l'université Medipol d'Istanbul, au département de chirurgie générale. Travaille actuellement à l'hôpital Pendik de l'université Medipol.
Specializations
Oncological Surgery (Cancer Surgery)
Breast Diseases Surgery
Gallbladder and biliary tract diseases surgery
Thyroid – Parathyroid Surgery
Inguinal and Abdominal Wall Hernia, Stomach Hernia Surgery
Closed (Laparoscopic) Hernia Surgery
Endoscopy Applications
Treatment of Gastrointestinal System Diseases
Lire la suite
Specializations
Oncological Surgery (Cancer Surgery)
Breast Diseases Surgery
Gallbladder and biliary tract diseases surgery
Thyroid – Parathyroid Surgery
Inguinal and Abdominal Wall Hernia, Stomach Hernia Surgery
Closed (Laparoscopic) Hernia Surgery
Endoscopy Applications
Treatment of Gastrointestinal System Diseases
Gallbladder and bile duct surgery
Breast disease treatment and surgery
Anal region disease treatment and surgery (hemorrhoids, anal fissure, perianal abscess and fistula surgery)
Obesity treatment (Gastric balloon, botox and surgical treatment)
Thyroid diseases and surgical treatment
Hernia surgery (open and laparoscopic) (groin, umbilical, wound hernias)
Colon, rectum, stomach diseases and surgical treatment
Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment interventions (gastroscopy, colonoscopy, ercp, peg)
2009- Atlas University Medicine Hospital
2004-2009 Tosya State Hospital
1994-2004 Taksim Education and Research Hospital
1999-2004 Taksim Education and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic
1992-1998 Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
Courses and Conferences
Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic Endoscopy Unit Videoendoscopy Application Certificate (March 2006)
Lire la suiteGallbladder and bile duct surgery
Breast disease treatment and surgery
Anal region disease treatment and surgery (hemorrhoids, anal fissure, perianal abscess and fistula surgery)
Obesity treatment (Gastric balloon, botox and surgical treatment)
Thyroid diseases and surgical treatment
Hernia surgery (open and laparoscopic) (groin, umbilical, wound hernias)
Colon, rectum, stomach diseases and surgical treatment
Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment interventions (gastroscopy, colonoscopy, ercp, peg)
2009- Atlas University Medicine Hospital
2004-2009 Tosya State Hospital
1994-2004 Taksim Education and Research Hospital
1999-2004 Taksim Education and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic
1992-1998 Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
Courses and Conferences
Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic Endoscopy Unit Videoendoscopy Application Certificate (March 2006)
Aviva Fattal-Valevski est une neurologue expérimentée, spécialisée dans le traitement des troubles neurogénétiques du cerveau chez les enfants. Elle travaille dans ce domaine depuis 1993 et a occupé plusieurs postes au Sourasky Medical Center depuis lors. Elle est membre de plusieurs organisations médicales, telles que l'Association médicale israélienne, la Société israélienne de pédiatrie clinique et la Société européenne de neurologie pédiatrique.
Lire la suiteAviva Fattal-Valevski est une neurologue expérimentée, spécialisée dans le traitement des troubles neurogénétiques du cerveau chez les enfants. Elle travaille dans ce domaine depuis 1993 et a occupé plusieurs postes au Sourasky Medical Center depuis lors. Elle est membre de plusieurs organisations médicales, telles que l'Association médicale israélienne, la Société israélienne de pédiatrie clinique et la Société européenne de neurologie pédiatrique.
Prof. Dr. Alaettin Çelik graduated from Adapazarı Ilyaslar Primary School in 1960, from Haydarpaşa High School in 1966 and from Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in 1972. In the same year, he became an assistant in the 2nd Surgery Department of the Faculty of Examination, and between November 1975 and February 1976, he did his military service for 4 months in the Gelibolu Military Hospital as a Reserve Officer. In 1977, he became a General Surgery Specialist in the Department of Surgical Surgery.
To establish the pediatric surgery department at the faculty and to expertise his speciality, he worked as a registrar at the London University “The Hospital for Sick Children” between 01.12.1978 – 01.12.1980. After returning to the faculty, he continued his pediatric surgery studies. He became an associate professor in 1982.
In the same year, he was appointed as the founding chairman of Pediatric Surgery Department of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine on 06.09.1982. He established the department of Pediatric Surgery with a capacity of 30 inpatients, an ICU, a polyclinic, and an operating room for students, assistants and specialists. In 1988 he became a professor. In addition to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, he was the Vice President of the Department of Surgical Medical Sciences between 1990 and 1995. Between 1995 and 1998, he served as the Head of the Department of Surgical Medical Sciences at the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine.
He is a specialist in General Surgery, Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology. He has numerous cited and published clinical and experimental research articles, case reports, expert theses, free papers in domestic and international congresses (2014), Pediatric Surgery Book of Pediatric Surgery (2014), Newborn Surgery (2008), Pediatric Surgery Book (2013).
He is a member of various professional medicine associations. He is also a member of the Turkish Ministry of Health Pediatric Surgery Society. He established, developed and trained a large number of students, assistants, experts and faculty members at the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery. He left the Department of Pediatric Surgery in 2013. He retired from the age limit on 16.03.2016. The contracted working period in the same faculty ended on 22.10.2016. The Council of Children's Tumors conducts weekly meetings and he is still working as Pediatric Surgery Specialist in Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital
Lire la suiteProf. Dr. Alaettin Çelik graduated from Adapazarı Ilyaslar Primary School in 1960, from Haydarpaşa High School in 1966 and from Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in 1972. In the same year, he became an assistant in the 2nd Surgery Department of the Faculty of Examination, and between November 1975 and February 1976, he did his military service for 4 months in the Gelibolu Military Hospital as a Reserve Officer. In 1977, he became a General Surgery Specialist in the Department of Surgical Surgery.
To establish the pediatric surgery department at the faculty and to expertise his speciality, he worked as a registrar at the London University “The Hospital for Sick Children” between 01.12.1978 – 01.12.1980. After returning to the faculty, he continued his pediatric surgery studies. He became an associate professor in 1982.
In the same year, he was appointed as the founding chairman of Pediatric Surgery Department of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine on 06.09.1982. He established the department of Pediatric Surgery with a capacity of 30 inpatients, an ICU, a polyclinic, and an operating room for students, assistants and specialists. In 1988 he became a professor. In addition to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, he was the Vice President of the Department of Surgical Medical Sciences between 1990 and 1995. Between 1995 and 1998, he served as the Head of the Department of Surgical Medical Sciences at the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine.
He is a specialist in General Surgery, Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology. He has numerous cited and published clinical and experimental research articles, case reports, expert theses, free papers in domestic and international congresses (2014), Pediatric Surgery Book of Pediatric Surgery (2014), Newborn Surgery (2008), Pediatric Surgery Book (2013).
He is a member of various professional medicine associations. He is also a member of the Turkish Ministry of Health Pediatric Surgery Society. He established, developed and trained a large number of students, assistants, experts and faculty members at the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery. He left the Department of Pediatric Surgery in 2013. He retired from the age limit on 16.03.2016. The contracted working period in the same faculty ended on 22.10.2016. The Council of Children's Tumors conducts weekly meetings and he is still working as Pediatric Surgery Specialist in Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital
Le Dr Goldman a 24 ans d'expérience en tant que chef adjoint du département de chirurgie de l'hôpital Ichilov et chef du département de proctologie. Il est membre de la Société internationale de coloproctologie, de la Société européenne des chirurgiens abdominaux, de l'Association chirurgicale d'Israël et de la Société européenne de coloproctologie.
Lire la suiteLe Dr Goldman a 24 ans d'expérience en tant que chef adjoint du département de chirurgie de l'hôpital Ichilov et chef du département de proctologie. Il est membre de la Société internationale de coloproctologie, de la Société européenne des chirurgiens abdominaux, de l'Association chirurgicale d'Israël et de la Société européenne de coloproctologie.
Le Dr Igor Sukhotnik est chirurgien pédiatrique principal à l'hôpital pour enfants Dana Dweck (centre médical Ichilov) et professeur invité à l'université de Tel Aviv, en Israël, avec 29 ans d'expérience. Il a fait ses études à l'université de médecine de Chernivtsi, en Ukraine, et a été membre de diverses associations médicales.
Lire la suiteLe Dr Igor Sukhotnik est chirurgien pédiatrique principal à l'hôpital pour enfants Dana Dweck (centre médical Ichilov) et professeur invité à l'université de Tel Aviv, en Israël, avec 29 ans d'expérience. Il a fait ses études à l'université de médecine de Chernivtsi, en Ukraine, et a été membre de diverses associations médicales.
Le docteur X a terminé son internat en chirurgie générale en 2004 et a depuis travaillé dans divers hôpitaux en Turquie et à l'étranger. Il est membre de la Société turque de chirurgie du côlon et du rectum, de l'Association médicale d'Istanbul, de l'Association de chirurgie d'Ankara, de l'Association turque de chirurgie, de l'Association de chirurgie endocrinienne (membre du conseil de surveillance) et de la Société turque mondiale de transplantation.
Lire la suiteLe docteur X a terminé son internat en chirurgie générale en 2004 et a depuis travaillé dans divers hôpitaux en Turquie et à l'étranger. Il est membre de la Société turque de chirurgie du côlon et du rectum, de l'Association médicale d'Istanbul, de l'Association de chirurgie d'Ankara, de l'Association turque de chirurgie, de l'Association de chirurgie endocrinienne (membre du conseil de surveillance) et de la Société turque mondiale de transplantation.
Education and Experience
Dr. Ramazan Gökhan Atış, born in Istanbul in 1978, graduated from Cağaloğlu Anatolian High School in 1996. He completed his medical education at Çapa Faculty of Medicine in 2002. Between 2002 and 2008, he received his specialization training at the Istanbul Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital Department of Urology, and obtained the title of Urology Specialist in February 2008. After working at Edremit Military Hospital between 2008 and 2009, he started working as a Urology specialist at Istanbul Göztepe Training and Research Hospital in 2009. In 2011, he underwent a 3-month Laparoscopy-Robotic Urology training at Heidelberg University Heillbronn Clinic. Between 2009 and 2014, he conducted numerous scientific research studies, especially in the field of endourology, and obtained the title of Associate Professor in September 2014. In 2017, he was elected as a board member of the Endourology Society and has been serving in this position since then. Since 2018, he has been actively involved in the Endourology working group of the European Association of Urology, Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU) Committee for a period of 2 years. In January 2021, he was appointed as a Professor at the Istanbul Medeniyet University Department of Urology.After that started working at Şişli Memorial Hospital in 2022. Prof. Dr. Ramazan Gökhan Atış, has more than 100 articles published in national and international journals.
Administrative Duties
Memberships in Scientific Organizations
Education and Experience
Dr. Ramazan Gökhan Atış, born in Istanbul in 1978, graduated from Cağaloğlu Anatolian High School in 1996. He completed his medical education at Çapa Faculty of Medicine in 2002. Between 2002 and 2008, he received his specialization training at the Istanbul Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital Department of Urology, and obtained the title of Urology Specialist in February 2008. After working at Edremit Military Hospital between 2008 and 2009, he started working as a Urology specialist at Istanbul Göztepe Training and Research Hospital in 2009. In 2011, he underwent a 3-month Laparoscopy-Robotic Urology training at Heidelberg University Heillbronn Clinic. Between 2009 and 2014, he conducted numerous scientific research studies, especially in the field of endourology, and obtained the title of Associate Professor in September 2014. In 2017, he was elected as a board member of the Endourology Society and has been serving in this position since then. Since 2018, he has been actively involved in the Endourology working group of the European Association of Urology, Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU) Committee for a period of 2 years. In January 2021, he was appointed as a Professor at the Istanbul Medeniyet University Department of Urology.After that started working at Şişli Memorial Hospital in 2022. Prof. Dr. Ramazan Gökhan Atış, has more than 100 articles published in national and international journals.
Administrative Duties
Memberships in Scientific Organizations