{"meta":{"humanUrl":"https://fr.bookimed.com/clinics/procedure=male-to-female-mtf-surgery/best/page=2/","canonicalUrl":"https://fr.bookimed.com/clinics/procedure=male-to-female-mtf-surgery/best/page=2/","jsonUrl":"https://fr.bookimed.com/clinics/procedure=male-to-female-mtf-surgery/best/page=2/data.json","title":"Best clinics for Chirurgie de réattribution sexuelle d'homme vers femme — Ratings & Reviews | Bookimed","description":"17 top-rated clinics. Compare rankings, prices, and patient reviews on Bookimed.","heading":"Best clinics for Chirurgie de réattribution sexuelle d'homme vers femme","locale":"fr","schemaVersion":"ClinicBestPageDataV1","snapshotId":"b1d33915-0f634793","contentVersion":"b1d33915","generatedAt":"2026-11-14T01:19:03.294Z"},"filters":{"procedure":"male-to-female-mtf-surgery","page":2},"pagination":{"page":2,"totalCount":17,"totalPages":2},"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home","url":"/"},{"name":"Clinics","url":"/clinics/"},{"name":"Chirurgie de réattribution sexuelle d'homme vers femme","url":"/clinics/procedure=male-to-female-mtf-surgery/"},{"name":"Best","url":"/clinics/procedure=male-to-female-mtf-surgery/best/"},{"name":"Page 2","url":"/clinics/procedure=male-to-female-mtf-surgery/best/page=2/"}],"entities":[{"name":"Chirurgie de réattribution sexuelle d'homme vers femme","alias":"male-to-female-mtf-surgery","type":"procedure","id":1366}],"clinics":{"clinics":[{"text":"<p>Dr. Mauricio Jiménez est une clinique de chirurgie plastique située à Bogotá, en Colombie. Le cabinet se spécialise en chirurgie du visage, du corps et en chirurgie intime masculine. L’équipe est dirigée par un chirurgien certifié. Elle vise des résultats naturels et une pratique médicalement responsable. Sa spécialité phare est la phalloplastie sans implants externes.</p><p>Le Dr Jiménez compte plus de 15 000 heures d’expérience au bloc opératoire. Il a réalisé 5 000 interventions au cours d’environ 20 ans de pratique. La clinique est accréditée par la Société colombienne de chirurgie plastique. La technologie Vaser est utilisée pour le remodelage corporel et la liposculpture. Les patients internationaux bénéficient d’un accompagnement dédié de la part de l’équipe.</p>","text_type":"short_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":9640,"alias":"dr-mauricio-jimenez","name":"Dr. Mauricio Jiménez","short_description":"<p>Dr. Mauricio Jiménez est une clinique de chirurgie plastique située à Bogotá, en Colombie. Le cabinet se spécialise en chirurgie du visage, du corps et en chirurgie intime masculine. L’équipe est dirigée par un chirurgien certifié. Elle vise des résultats naturels et une pratique médicalement responsable. Sa spécialité phare est la phalloplastie sans implants externes.</p><p>Le Dr Jiménez compte plus de 15 000 heures d’expérience au bloc opératoire. Il a réalisé 5 000 interventions au cours d’environ 20 ans de pratique. La clinique est accréditée par la Société colombienne de chirurgie plastique. La technologie Vaser est utilisée pour le remodelage corporel et la liposculpture. Les patients internationaux bénéficient d’un accompagnement dédié de la part de l’équipe.</p>","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ae3077c253e0","title":"Dr Mauricio Jiménez dans un bureau moderne de clinique avec vue sur la ville à Bogota, Colombie"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae3077dd2f7f","title":"Médecin en uniforme dans le cabinet de la clinique Dr. Mauricio Jiménez"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae3077f94650","title":"Cabinet de consultation à la clinique Dr. Mauricio Jiménez avec vue sur la ville et implants médicaux"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae30781314f3","title":"Salle de consultation à la clinique Dr. Mauricio Jiménez avec médecin en tenue médicale"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Colombie","id":204,"alias":"colombia","iso_code":"CO"},"city":{"name":"Bogotá","id":2521,"alias":"bogota"},"address":"Bogotá, Colombia"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.2,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":1},"accreditations":[]}},{"text":"<p>Selon la clinique, plus de 80 % des patients déclarent parvenir à l’orgasme lors de rapports sexuels après l’intervention. Le cabinet de chirurgie plastique du Dr Carlos González Legarda, à Bogotá, propose une vaginoplastie par inversion pénienne, avec recours à une greffe cutanée si nécessaire. L’intervention peut coûter environ 10 000 $, ou environ 11 000 $ avec une greffe cutanée ; les prix indiqués ne précisent pas ce qui est inclus. Les patients internationaux bénéficient de conseils préopératoires et d’un suivi à long terme, comprenant des examens périodiques et des examens d’imagerie.</p>","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Vaginoplastie par inversion pénienne, vaginoplastie par lambeau pédiculé, clitoroplastie","why_its_ranked":"Propose une vaginoplastie par inversion pénienne avec clitoroplastie, ainsi qu’une option de lambeau colique si nécessaire, en ajoutant des greffes cutanées pour obtenir une profondeur suffisante. Chirurgien formé à la chirurgie des personnes transgenres à l’IM Clinic, à Barcelone."},"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":9651,"alias":"dr-carlos-gonzalez-legarda","name":"Dr. Carlos González Legarda","short_description":"<p>Le cabinet du Dr Carlos González Legarda est spécialisé en chirurgie plastique à Bogotá, en Colombie. La clinique se concentre sur l’esthétique du visage, le remodelage corporel et la chirurgie d’affirmation de genre. L’équipe prend en charge les adultes comme les enfants. Elle propose également une otoplastie pédiatrique pour corriger les oreilles. L’un de ses principaux atouts est son expertise dans les chirurgies génitales complexes pour les personnes transgenres, notamment la vaginoplastie MTF par inversion de la peau pénienne ou à l’aide de lambeaux pédiculés.</p><p>Le Dr Carlos González Legarda a fondé le cabinet en 2008. Il possède plus de 20 ans d’expérience. Depuis son ouverture, la clinique a pris en charge 9 500 patients. Le Dr González Legarda s’est formé à la chirurgie des personnes transgenres à l’IM Clinic, en Espagne. Il a également étudié la microchirurgie au Ganga Medical Hospital, en Inde. Pour le remodelage corporel, l’équipe utilise les technologies VASER et BodyTite.</p><p>La planification d’une augmentation mammaire propose trois voies d’incision afin de réduire les cicatrices visibles. Les options de rhinoplastie comprennent des techniques structurelles et de préservation qui protègent la respiration. Les patients internationaux bénéficient d’une planification chirurgicale dédiée et d’un suivi à long terme des implants. Le suivi des patients en déplacement comprend des examens d’imagerie périodiques et des contrôles cliniques.</p>","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ae3150994486","title":"Médecin en blouse blanche à la clinique Dr. Carlos González Legarda, établissement moderne"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae3150b3f21b","title":"Spécialiste médical à la clinique Dr. Carlos González Legarda en tenue professionnelle"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Colombie","id":204,"alias":"colombia","iso_code":"CO"},"city":{"name":"Bogotá","id":2521,"alias":"bogota"},"address":"Calle 106 No 56 - 76 Cons 303, Bogotá, Colombia, 11111"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.9,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":1,"year_foundation":2008},"accreditations":[]}},{"text":"<br />\n<br />\nNirunda est l'un des établissements médicaux les plus connus de Bangkok, en Thaïlande. La médecine esthétique et la cosmétologie, l'obstétrique et la gynécologie, la dermatologie sont les spécialités les plus importantes. La qualité des services médicaux et des traitements est confirmée par l'Association dentaire de Thaïlande. Des patients des États-Unis, du Canada, du Royaume-Uni et d'autres pays choisissent Nirunda pour leurs soins de santé.","text_type":"short_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Vaginoplastie, augmentation mammaire","good_fit_for":"Chirurgie MTF abordable avec des soins complets","why_its_ranked":"Propose la chirurgie MTF à des prix 3 à 4 fois inférieurs à ceux des États-Unis. Des chirurgiens plasticiens certifiés proposent des techniques avancées adaptées aux patients internationaux."},"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":511,"alias":"nirunda","name":"Nirunda","short_description":"<br />\n<br />\nNirunda est l'un des établissements médicaux les plus connus de Bangkok, en Thaïlande. La médecine esthétique et la cosmétologie, l'obstétrique et la gynécologie, la dermatologie sont les spécialités les plus importantes. La qualité des services médicaux et des traitements est confirmée par l'Association dentaire de Thaïlande. Des patients des États-Unis, du Canada, du Royaume-Uni et d'autres pays choisissent Nirunda pour leurs soins de santé.","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/c6cb47c14e4b5","title":"Chambre de patient à la clinique Nirunda Bangkok avec lit moderne et grandes fenêtres"},{"base_url":"clinic/67e12dd6915ca","title":"Accueil de la clinique Nirunda à Bangkok avec personnel et patients"},{"base_url":"clinic/f0e67f3b5ce50","title":"Panneau extérieur de la Nirunda Aesthetic Clinic à The Emporio Place, Bangkok"},{"base_url":"clinic/2f0e57c14b8da","title":"Affiche promotionnelle de la Nirunda Aesthetic Clinic pour les 4 meilleurs soins esthétiques"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Thaïlande","id":45,"alias":"thailand","iso_code":"TH"},"city":{"name":"Bangkok","id":75,"alias":"bangkok"},"address":"3rd floor, The Emporio Place, Sukhumvit 24 Bangkok, Thailand"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.3,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":0,"year_foundation":0},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5db9af86cb2c4.jpeg","name":"Association Dentaire de Thaïlande"}]}},{"text":"<p>Liverpool Breast Clinic est un cabinet de chirurgie mammaire dédié, dirigé par un chirurgien oncologue spécialisé en chirurgie plastique mammaire. Il est spécialisé dans la chirurgie esthétique mammaire, la chirurgie thoracique transgenre et l'évaluation rapide du cancer du sein. Toutes les interventions sont réalisées dans un hôpital privé local.</p> <ul> <li>Utilise des consultations assistées par ordinateur 3D et 5D Crisalix pour une planification précise de l'augmentation mammaire.</li> <li>Propose la technique de renforcement mammaire par greffe de graisse composite et implant pour des résultats naturels.</li> <li>La clinique d'évaluation rapide du sein fournit une évaluation le jour même pour les cas potentiels de cancer du sein.</li> <li>Couvre la réduction mammaire masculine, la correction des mamelons inversés et la chirurgie thoracique transgenre complète.</li> </ul>","text_type":"short_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":3849,"alias":"liverpool-breast-clinic-mr-m-v-chandrashekar","name":"Liverpool Breast Clinic - Mr M.V.Chandrashekar","short_description":"<p>Liverpool Breast Clinic est un cabinet de chirurgie mammaire dédié, dirigé par un chirurgien oncologue spécialisé en chirurgie plastique mammaire. Il est spécialisé dans la chirurgie esthétique mammaire, la chirurgie thoracique transgenre et l'évaluation rapide du cancer du sein. Toutes les interventions sont réalisées dans un hôpital privé local.</p> <ul> <li>Utilise des consultations assistées par ordinateur 3D et 5D Crisalix pour une planification précise de l'augmentation mammaire.</li> <li>Propose la technique de renforcement mammaire par greffe de graisse composite et implant pour des résultats naturels.</li> <li>La clinique d'évaluation rapide du sein fournit une évaluation le jour même pour les cas potentiels de cancer du sein.</li> <li>Couvre la réduction mammaire masculine, la correction des mamelons inversés et la chirurgie thoracique transgenre complète.</li> </ul>","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/64396e1ed45a6","title":"Femmes souriantes avec la silhouette de Liverpool, branding Liverpool Breast Clinic"},{"base_url":"clinic/64396e232a7f6","title":"Portrait d'un médecin à la Liverpool Breast Clinic, Royaume-Uni"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Royaume-Uni","id":161,"alias":"united-kingdom","iso_code":"GB"},"city":{"name":"Liverpool","id":1958,"alias":"liverpool"},"address":"1 Penny Ln, Liverpool L18 1HJ, United Kingdom"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.9,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0},"accreditations":[]}},{"text":"<p>Zaren Health est un prestataire de tourisme médical situé à Istanbul, en Türkiye. Il coordonne la chirurgie plastique, la chirurgie de perte de poids et les soins dentaires. La clinique est spécialisée dans la restauration capillaire Sapphire FUE. Les chirurgiens utilisent des stylos à pointe de saphir pour réduire les lésions tissulaires. L'équipe effectue également des procédures bariatriques telles que le Roux-en-Y et le mini-bypass gastrique. Les équipes dentaires posent des implants All-on-4 guidés par imagerie CBCT 3D.</p><p>Le prestataire a été créé en 1980. Il coordonne les soins dans quatre départements spécialisés. Les chirurgiens sont certifiés et formés aux États-Unis et en Europe. Une équipe multilingue soutient les patients internationaux dans cinq langues. Les services comprennent une consultation médicale 24h/24 et 7j/7 et des transferts privés avec chauffeur. Les patients séjournent dans des hôtels 4 et 5 étoiles sous contrat.</p><p>La clinique détient les certifications JCI, TEMOS et ISO 9001:2015. Elle suit des normes GMP strictes dans toutes ses opérations. Les chirurgies ont lieu dans des hôpitaux approuvés par le ministère de la Santé. Les unités de chirurgie rachidienne rapportent des taux de réussite allant jusqu'à 95 % pour la microdiscectomie. Plus de 500 témoignages de patients documentent la qualité des soins de l'équipe.</p>","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":14000,"price_to":24000,"currency":"USD","id":43406},"operation":{"id":1366,"name":"Chirurgie de réattribution sexuelle d'homme vers femme","alias":"male-to-female-mtf-surgery"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":5791,"alias":"zaren-clinic","name":"Zaren Clinic","short_description":"<p>Zaren Health est un prestataire de tourisme médical situé à Istanbul, en Türkiye. Il coordonne la chirurgie plastique, la chirurgie de perte de poids et les soins dentaires. La clinique est spécialisée dans la restauration capillaire Sapphire FUE. Les chirurgiens utilisent des stylos à pointe de saphir pour réduire les lésions tissulaires. L'équipe effectue également des procédures bariatriques telles que le Roux-en-Y et le mini-bypass gastrique. Les équipes dentaires posent des implants All-on-4 guidés par imagerie CBCT 3D.</p><p>Le prestataire a été créé en 1980. Il coordonne les soins dans quatre départements spécialisés. Les chirurgiens sont certifiés et formés aux États-Unis et en Europe. Une équipe multilingue soutient les patients internationaux dans cinq langues. Les services comprennent une consultation médicale 24h/24 et 7j/7 et des transferts privés avec chauffeur. Les patients séjournent dans des hôtels 4 et 5 étoiles sous contrat.</p><p>La clinique détient les certifications JCI, TEMOS et ISO 9001:2015. Elle suit des normes GMP strictes dans toutes ses opérations. Les chirurgies ont lieu dans des hôpitaux approuvés par le ministère de la Santé. Les unités de chirurgie rachidienne rapportent des taux de réussite allant jusqu'à 95 % pour la microdiscectomie. Plus de 500 témoignages de patients documentent la qualité des soins de l'équipe.</p>","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a695515d1968","title":"Bâtiment moderne de la clinique Biruni University Hospital à Istanbul, Turquie"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a695517bd744","title":"Façade moderne de la Zaren Clinic avec verre et espaces verts"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a69551973a77","title":"Façade de la clinique Elit Istanbul Tip Merkezi, centre médical moderne en Turquie"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a69551b24ab5","title":"Diagnostic dentaire à la clinique Zaren avec imagerie numérique et analyse dentaire"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turquie","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Ataköy 7-8-9-10 Mh. Çobançeşme E-5 Yanyol No:16/1/A Selenium Retro-9 A Blok K:18 D:130, 34158 Istanbul, Türkiye"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.6,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"year_foundation":1980},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/60d48fc833289.jpeg","name":"Association Médicale Turque","country_code":"TR"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/6123a8e7e1f93.jpeg","name":"Fournisseur Officiel du Système d'Implants Dentaires Straumann®","country_code":"CH"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d88bd61a3cbb.jpeg","name":"Société Américaine de Chirurgie Plastique","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Joint Commission International","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/61779fac22b09.jpeg","name":"Certificat de la Société Internationale de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique (ISAPS) délivré au médecin","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d88c1f95138c.jpeg","name":"La Société Américaine de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5ceb725c9b963.jpeg","name":"Accréditation Internationale en Soins de Santé TEMOS","country_code":"DE"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/6841934325139.jpeg","name":"ISO 9001:2015 Systèmes de management de la qualité"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"<p>EFC Cerrahi Tıp Merkezi est un centre multispécialisé accrédité par la JCI à Istanbul, en Turquie. La clinique propose des soins chirurgicaux et esthétiques pour adultes et enfants. Les spécialités clés comprennent la chirurgie plastique, l'ophtalmologie, l'urologie et les traitements dentaires. C'est un fournisseur phare de chirurgie robotique transorale (TORS) pour les cancers de la gorge.</p><p>Le centre a ouvert ses portes en 2011 dans le district de Küçükçekmece. Il apporte environ 15 ans d'expérience dans les soins chirurgicaux complexes. L'équipe médicale réalise environ 2 500 chirurgies chaque année. Une unité de traitement oculaire dédiée gère les procédures de cataracte et de glaucome. Les services d'urologie utilisent des systèmes laser avancés au Holmium et au thulium.</p><p>Les patients bénéficient de 12 mois de suivi post-opératoire à distance. Les patients internationaux voyagent souvent depuis la Hongrie, le Mexique et la Thaïlande pour se faire soigner.</p>","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":8217,"alias":"efc-cerrahi-tip-merkezi","name":"EFC Cerrahi Tıp Merkezi","short_description":"<p>EFC Cerrahi Tıp Merkezi est un centre multispécialisé accrédité par la JCI à Istanbul, en Turquie. La clinique propose des soins chirurgicaux et esthétiques pour adultes et enfants. Les spécialités clés comprennent la chirurgie plastique, l'ophtalmologie, l'urologie et les traitements dentaires. C'est un fournisseur phare de chirurgie robotique transorale (TORS) pour les cancers de la gorge.</p><p>Le centre a ouvert ses portes en 2011 dans le district de Küçükçekmece. Il apporte environ 15 ans d'expérience dans les soins chirurgicaux complexes. L'équipe médicale réalise environ 2 500 chirurgies chaque année. Une unité de traitement oculaire dédiée gère les procédures de cataracte et de glaucome. Les services d'urologie utilisent des systèmes laser avancés au Holmium et au thulium.</p><p>Les patients bénéficient de 12 mois de suivi post-opératoire à distance. Les patients internationaux voyagent souvent depuis la Hongrie, le Mexique et la Thaïlande pour se faire soigner.</p>","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a4f8ab3a1785","title":"Façade vitrée moderne de la clinique EFC Cerrahi Tıp Merkezi en Turquie avec parking"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a4f8b04d9908","title":"Accueil moderne à la clinique EFC Cerrahi Tıp Merkezi au design intérieur élégant"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a4f8b0c053d1","title":"Espace d'attente moderne à la clinique EFC Cerrahi Tıp Merkezi avec sièges confortables"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a4f8b13df0d6","title":"Chambre de patient à EFC Cerrahi Tıp Merkezi avec lit moderne et coin salon"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turquie","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Istanbul","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Tevfikbey Mahallesi, 2321. Sk. 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La clinique accueille des patients internationaux, en respectant des normes élevées grâce à une technologie de pointe.</p><doctor id=\"8689\"></doctor>","text_type":"mt_wow_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":6097,"alias":"maxi-cosmetic-surgery","name":"MAXi Cosmetic Surgery","short_description":"<p>MAXi Cosmetic Surgery est un centre médical privé accrédité par la JCI à Bangkok. Il est spécialisé en chirurgie esthétique, médecine esthétique et cosmétologie. 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Il a reçu de nombreuses distinctions lors des congrès nationaux turcs de chirurgie plastique et a suivi une formation spécialisée au Baylor College of Medicine de Houston, au Texas.","linkedin":"","specialities":[{"id":"pls.001","name":"Plastic surgeon","illness_kind_id":38}]},"direction":{"id":38,"name":"Chirurgie plastique","alias":"plastic-surgery"},"illness_kind":{"id":38,"name":{"en":"Plastic Surgery"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":28,"max":56,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work after 4–8 weeks; physical work needs 10–12 weeks or more, with surgeon clearance."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":10,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Major complications only (Clavien-Dindo III or higher): fistula, necrosis, prolapse, hematoma needing surgery. Minor events excluded."},"contraindications":["Uncontrolled serious medical conditions (e.g., unstable cardiovascular disease)","Active smoking or nicotine use","Uncontrolled psychiatric condition affecting consent or aftercare","Active genital or systemic infection","Severe obesity or poorly controlled diabetes"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":4,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Typical inpatient stay for bed rest, packing and catheter care, pain control and early mobilization."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light walking early; strenuous exercise, cycling and heavy lifting only after surgeon clearance."},"final_result_months":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Swelling resolution and final functional and aesthetic appearance after vaginoplasty."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Packing and catheter come out around days 5–10; flying is allowed after that review and surgeon clearance."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Around discharge: packing and dressing removal."}},{"purpose":"other","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Urinary catheter removal and early dilation instruction."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Healing and depth/dilation review."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":180,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Longer-term functional and aesthetic review."}}],"indications":["Gender dysphoria in adults assigned male at birth","Persistent gender dysphoria despite hormone therapy"],"main_risks":["Bleeding, hematoma and infection","Wound dehiscence and delayed healing","Partial skin or clitoral/labial tissue necrosis","Urinary problems (spraying, stream deviation, stenosis, retention)","Vaginal stenosis or loss of depth","Rectal injury and fistula (rectoneovaginal)","Granulation tissue, scarring, and cosmetic revision needs","Altered or reduced sensation, pain","Thromboembolism and anesthesia-related risks","Loss of fertility"],"pain":"Moderate to significant pain in the first days to 2 weeks, managed with prescribed analgesia; discomfort from catheter, packing and dilation is common, then gradually settles.","preparation":["Specialist assessment and documented eligibility per accepted clinical standards","Surgeon consultation on technique, expectations and consent","Pre-operative blood tests and general health evaluation","Stop smoking/nicotine for the period the surgeon specifies","Genital hair removal in the surgical area","Bowel preparation and fasting as instructed","Counseling on fertility preservation and aftercare planning","Arrange accommodation and support for early recovery"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-7)","description":"Bed rest, vaginal packing and urinary catheter in place, pain control and mobilization.","restrictions":["Limited mobility","No sitting for prolonged periods"]},{"phase":"Early recovery (weeks 1-6)","description":"Catheter and packing removal, start of dilation routine, swelling and drainage settle, gradual walking.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting","No strenuous activity","Avoid prolonged sitting and cycling","No intercourse"]},{"phase":"Intermediate (weeks 6-12)","description":"Return to desk work and light activity; continued dilation schedule; surgeon clearance for gradual return to exercise.","restrictions":["Avoid intense exercise until cleared"]},{"phase":"Late healing (months 3-12)","description":"Swelling and sensation improve; dilation frequency reduced as advised; final appearance and function develop.","restrictions":["Continue long-term dilation/aftercare as instructed"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":21,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Time until light daily activities feel comfortable; dilation continues. 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concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Yellowish discharge from the incision","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Infections, which can cause a fever or yellowish discharge from the incision.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Blood-soaked dressings from excessive 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