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Some patients develop lingering chest wall or axillary discomfort.","preparation":["Preoperative imaging and pathology review","Consultation on mastectomy type, axillary management, reconstruction options","Medical assessment and routine blood tests","Fasting before general anesthesia","Medication review with the surgical team","Stop smoking where possible","Arrange help at home and loose front-opening clothing"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Days 0–3","description":"Hospital stay or same-day discharge; drain care taught if drains placed; walking encouraged.","restrictions":["No driving while on opioid analgesics","Avoid lifting"]},{"phase":"Weeks 1–2","description":"Drain removal, wound healing, gentle arm and shoulder exercises.","restrictions":["Avoid lifting over a few kilograms","Keep dressings dry as advised"]},{"phase":"Weeks 3–6","description":"Return to light activity and desk work; increasing arm mobility.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous upper-body activity"]},{"phase":"Weeks 6–12","description":"Return to full activity after clearance; scar softening; prosthesis fitting if desired.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery of daily activities and arm and shoulder mobility after simple mastectomy."},"result_longevity":"Removal of breast tissue is permanent; the breast does not regrow. Cancer recurrence risk depends on disease stage and further treatment.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned return to theatre within 30 days, mostly for hematoma, infection or wound problems"},"scars":"A flat horizontal or oblique scar across the chest wall, usually 15–25 cm, fading over 6–12 months. Nipple-sparing techniques use shorter incisions. A drain site scar may remain.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single operation for mastectomy alone, without staged reconstruction."},"stages":[{"code":"mastectomy_surgery","label":"Mastectomy operation","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on day of procedure."}}],"qualifier":"Standalone unilateral mastectomy without reconstruction."},"success":{"metric":"Local control: no chest wall recurrence","value":95,"unit":"percent","horizon":"10 years","population":"Adults with early-stage breast cancer undergoing simple mastectomy without reconstruction","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Total (simple) mastectomy","suits_whom":"Most patients needing removal of all breast tissue, including prophylactic cases.","recovery":"Usually 2–6 weeks to return to routine activity."},{"name":"Skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy","suits_whom":"Patients planning immediate reconstruction with suitable tumor location.","recovery":"Depends on reconstruction; generally longer than simple mastectomy."},{"name":"Modified radical mastectomy","suits_whom":"Patients with confirmed axillary node involvement needing axillary dissection.","recovery":"Often 4–8 weeks; higher risk of lymphedema and shoulder stiffness."}],"treatment_conditions":["day_case","inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":1.5,"max":3,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Unilateral simple mastectomy without reconstruction; longer with axillary dissection or bilateral surgery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Breast biopsy pathology report","Mammogram and breast ultrasound reports","Breast MRI report (if available)","Imaging discs or files of breast scans","Genetic test results (if available)","Oncology treatment plan (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single operation; stay about 7-14 days for drain removal and first review. Later checks usually done at home."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that the surgeon will explain the risks and complications of your procedure","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/breast-reconstruction/questions","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"What are the risks and complications associated with my procedure?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Ask about the clinic's regulation and its record on infection rates","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/think-over-before-you-make-over/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"You should ask about the regulation of the clinic, its record on infection rates.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Confirm how your aftercare will be coordinated before you commit to treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Clinic cannot explain how your aftercare will be coordinated","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Complications and side effects are not discussed with you before you agree to treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Make sure you understand the possible complications and side effects that could arise from your treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"No chance to talk with the surgeon about your surgery and ask questions","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mastectomy/what-happens/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You'll have a chance to talk with your surgeon or specialist nurse about your surgery, and ask questions.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"The clinic will not let you speak to patients it has treated before","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/think-over-before-you-make-over/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"Ask if you can speak to patients they've treated before.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-02-10"},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Gives your home doctor information on treatment and future care needs","document":"discharge letter for your gp","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/hospitals/going-into-hospital/being-discharged-from-hospital","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You'll also be given a letter for your GP, providing information about your treatment and future care needs.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Home doctor needs it: cancer details that will shape care recommendations","document":"pathology report","source":{"url":"https://health.clevelandclinic.org/breast-cancer-pathology-report","host":"health.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"The report contains important information about your cancer that will influence your team’s care recommendations.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"You are willing to have radiation therapy after surgery","name":"Lumpectomy","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/12962-lumpectomy","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Most people who get a lumpectomy to treat cancer also get radiation therapy afterward.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":286}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"total-mastectomy","name":"Total (simple) mastectomy","how_it_works":{"text":"The whole breast, including the nipple and skin, is removed","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"In this type of surgery, the surgeon removes your whole breast, including the nipple, areola, breast tissue, and skin.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":3,"max":3,"unit":"weeks","label":"3 weeks","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mastectomy/recovery/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You may be able to get back to doing most of your usual activities in around 3 weeks, but it can take longer.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}},{"id":"skin-sparing","name":"Skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy","how_it_works":{"text":"Breast tissue is removed while the skin is kept","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"The surgeon removes the whole breast, as in a total mastectomy, but leaves the skin.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","label":"4 weeks","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Most people begin returning to normal activities 4 weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}},{"id":"modified-radical-mastectomy","name":"Modified radical mastectomy","how_it_works":{"text":"The whole breast and some underarm lymph nodes are removed","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"This is the same as a total mastectomy, but the surgeon also removes lymph nodes under your arm...","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","label":"4 weeks","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Most people begin returning to normal activities 4 weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"total-mastectomy","name":"Total (simple) mastectomy","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The whole breast, including the nipple and skin, is removed","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"In this type of surgery, the surgeon removes your whole breast, including the nipple, areola, breast tissue, and skin.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":3,"max":3,"unit":"weeks","label":"3 weeks","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mastectomy/recovery/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You may be able to get back to doing most of your usual activities in around 3 weeks, but it can take longer.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Most patients needing removal of all breast tissue, including prophylactic cases.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Usually 2–6 weeks to return to routine activity."},{"id":"skin-sparing","name":"Skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Breast tissue is removed while the skin is kept","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"The surgeon removes the whole breast, as in a total mastectomy, but leaves the skin.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","label":"4 weeks","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Most people begin returning to normal activities 4 weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Patients planning immediate reconstruction with suitable tumor location.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Depends on reconstruction; generally longer than simple mastectomy."},{"id":"modified-radical-mastectomy","name":"Modified radical mastectomy","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The whole breast and some underarm lymph nodes are removed","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"This is the same as a total mastectomy, but the surgeon also removes lymph nodes under your arm...","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","label":"4 weeks","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/mastectomy","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Most people begin returning to normal activities 4 weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Patients with confirmed axillary node involvement needing axillary dissection.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Often 4–8 weeks; higher risk of lymphedema and shoulder stiffness."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"You are willing to have radiation therapy after surgery","name":"Lumpectomy","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/12962-lumpectomy","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Most people who get a lumpectomy to treat cancer also get radiation therapy afterward.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":286}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-02-09"},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"visa","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"UK citizens can enter Ukraine without a visa for visits of up to 90 days within a 180-day period","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ukraine/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"British Citizen passport holders can enter Ukraine without a visa for visits of up to 90 days within a 180-day period.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"visa","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"US citizens need no visa for tourism stays of up to 90 days in any 180 days, but must show valid health insurance and sufficient funds","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Ukraine.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"You do not need a visa to enter Ukraine for tourism purposes for visits of up to 90 days in any 180 day period, but must be able to provide proof of valid health insurance and sufficient funds for the duration of your stay.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V3","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"When traveling to Ukraine without a visa, your passport should be valid for the proposed duration of your stay","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ukraine/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"If you’re travelling without a visa, your passport should be valid for the proposed duration of your stay.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V4","item":"medicines","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Carry prescription medication into Ukraine in its original packaging with your doctor's prescription","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Ukraine.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging with your doctor’s prescription.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V5","item":"hospital_payment","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Public facilities in Ukraine only accept cash payments, while most private clinics accept credit cards","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Ukraine.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Public facilities only accept cash payments, while most private clinics accept credit cards.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V6","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Call 103 and ask for an ambulance in Ukraine","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ukraine/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"Call 103 and ask for an ambulance.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2026-12-11","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["austria","azerbaijan","brazil","china","czech-republic","egypt","germany","greece","hungary","india","israel","italy","malaysia","mexico","poland","republic-of-korea","romania","spain","switzerland","thailand","turkey","united-arab-emirates","united-states"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.77,"count":63,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"<p>Mastectomy in Ukraine typically costs from _op_9_price_from_ to _op_9_price_to_. Rates depend on the surgical technique, the extent of the procedure, and the choice of clinic. In the United States, similar procedures cost around _price_compare_US_average_ on average. Patients save around _price_percent_discount_% compared to the US. This surgical oncology service generally includes preoperative tests, anesthesia, and a hospital stay.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Minimally invasive approach:</strong> Standard techniques in Kyiv may cost 15-20% less than 3D laparoscopic options.</li>\n<li><strong>Reconstruction surgery:</strong> Simultaneous breast restoration can increase the total budget by $4,500 to $9,000.</li>\n<li><strong>Medical center location:</strong> Treatment in central hubs like Kyiv or Odesa is the most common.</li>\n<li><strong>Additional treatments:</strong> Biopsies and follow-up oncology therapies typically require separate budgeting over the base surgery.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Choosing high-volume networks like Dobrobut Medical Network ensures access to ISO-certified care for complex oncology cases. Dievo Surgery Center offers ISAPS-certified expertise, serving patients from Europe and the USA. Specialized surgeons like Alexander Zavoloka in Odesa bring 31 years of experience and international awards. For maximum precision, Avicenna Med provides 3D laparoscopic interventions with a 99% surgical success rate.</p>","faq":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"h2":[{"text":"Quel est le Coût pour votre Mastectomie en Ukraine ?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Vos avantages et garanties avec Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Votre coordinateur médical personnel","kind":"content"},{"text":"Découvrez les Meilleures Cliniques pour Votre Mastectomie en Ukraine : 8 Options Vérifiées et Prix","kind":"content"},{"text":"Aperçu de mastectomie en Ukraine","kind":"content"},{"text":"Obtenez une évaluation médicale pour Mastectomie en Ukraine : Choisissez le meilleur spécialiste dans le domaine","kind":"content"},{"text":"Histoires vidéo des patients de Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Avis sur Bookimed : Découvrez l'Expérience des Patients","kind":"content"},{"text":"Partager ce contenu","kind":"content"},{"text":"Obtenez une consultation gratuite","kind":"content"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[{"field":"medical.hospital_nights","chosen":"offers","offers":0,"parsed_details":{"min":7,"max":14}}]}