La perte osseuse au niveau d’un défaut dentaire est l’une des contre-indications relatives les plus courantes aux implants dentaires. Néanmoins, la plupart des patients, 70 à 90 % au maxillaire et jusqu'à 50 % à la mandibule, ont besoin d'une augmentation osseuse avant la pose d'implants dentaires.
La pose d’un matériau de greffe osseuse artificielle est nécessaire pour les patients à qui il manque des dents depuis plus de deux mois. Malheureusement, la plupart des patients ont des peines beaucoup plus longues, jusqu'à 10 ans ou plus. Dans de tels cas, diverses procédures de greffe osseuse viennent à la rescousse.
La greffe osseuse (ostéoplastie, lifting des sinus, augmentation osseuse) est une intervention chirurgicale au cours de laquelle le chirurgien finit de constituer le volume tissulaire nécessaire à l'implant dentaire. Les meilleurs chirurgiens maxillo-faciaux des cliniques mondiales d'implants dentaires effectuent la procédure selon des protocoles modernes peu traumatisants et des normes de qualité internationales.
Selon les résultats du diagnostic, le dentiste réalise une greffe osseuse simultanément à l'implantation ou la réalise de manière distincte.
Souvent, dans notre pratique chirurgicale, il existe des conditions dans lesquelles l'os n'est pas prêt à accepter les implants dentaires. En cas de défaut vertical ou horizontal, une greffe osseuse est nécessaire.
De tels problèmes surviennent pour des raisons telles que :
Si la dent est retirée il y a longtemps, le corps est physiologiquement reconstruit et une crête osseuse étroite peut se former. Pour contourner ces obstacles lors de la chirurgie implantaire dentaire, les dentistes réalisent une augmentation des tissus des gencives.
Pour certaines raisons, avec le temps, après une extraction dentaire, le volume osseux diminue. Parfois, lors de l’implantation d’une dent, il est nécessaire de restaurer les tissus. La greffe osseuse vient à la rescousse.
Le plus souvent, les patients qui ont perdu une dent il y a plus d'un an sont confrontés au problème du manque d'os naturel. Ainsi, le corps réduit le volume osseux supplémentaire car il n’est plus nécessaire. C'est pourquoi les dentistes recommandent d'installer un implant à la place de la dent extraite le plus rapidement possible.
Parfois, la perte osseuse est une caractéristique physiologique. Dans ce cas, une intervention chirurgicale est également nécessaire. La greffe osseuse peut être réalisée aussi bien sur la mâchoire supérieure que sur la mâchoire inférieure.
Le but de l'opération est de créer une fondation qui servira de base à la prise de greffe du futur implant. La complexité du processus explique le coût relativement élevé de la greffe osseuse lors de la pose d’implants dentaires.
Les médecins réalisent des greffes osseuses dentaires de différentes manières :
Le dentiste détermine individuellement le type de procédure de greffe osseuse pour chaque patient.
Une fois la greffe osseuse insérée, votre corps peut se réparer. Une greffe osseuse dentaire est comme un échafaudage sur lequel un nouvel os peut se développer.
Votre dentiste peut mélanger une greffe osseuse avec du PRP (plasma riche en plaquettes) . Votre propre sang est utilisé pour faciliter la guérison et la réparation des tissus.
Les chirurgies d'augmentation osseuse en dentisterie comprennent la préservation de l'alvéole, l'augmentation de la crête, l'élévation des sinus et la greffe osseuse parodontale.
L'ostéoplastie est réalisée après une préparation minutieuse. Le patient doit subir une hygiène bucco-dentaire une semaine avant l'opération et un examen général - analyses de sang, consultation d'un cardiologue, d'un thérapeute et, si nécessaire, d'un endocrinologue. Le processus de greffe osseuse lui-même dépend de la technique choisie et des matériaux utilisés. Les manipulations sont réalisées sous anesthésie générale ou locale.
Des taux de réussite incroyablement élevés peuvent être observés pour les greffes osseuses dentaires. L'échec est possible avec n'importe quelle intervention chirurgicale, mais il est plus probable chez les personnes qui fument ou qui ont des problèmes de santé spécifiques. Les indicateurs d’échec de la greffe osseuse dentaire comprennent :
En moyenne, la pose d'implant dentaire est possible environ 4 mois après la greffe osseuse. En cas d'intervention complexe, le délai peut aller jusqu'à 6 à 9 mois. Parfois, un greffage et une installation parallèles sont possibles. L'option la plus appropriée pour un patient particulier lors du diagnostic est sélectionnée.
Dans de nombreux pays, les dentistes ont recours à des greffes osseuses et à des implants dentaires parallèles, ce qui permet d'économiser considérablement du temps et de l'argent en matière de traitement. Cette tendance est répandue dans les cliniques de pays comme la Turquie , l'Ukraine et le Mexique , où la dentisterie se développe à un rythme effréné et où il existe une forte demande pour de telles procédures parmi les patients internationaux.
De plus, les médecins de ces pays proposent à leurs patients des forfaits d’implants dentaires – ces offres incluent généralement à la fois une greffe osseuse et un implant dentaire. De plus, les paquets de dents contiennent tous les matériaux et médicaments nécessaires à la pose réussie d’implants dentaires. Dans le même temps, ces offres spéciales sont moins chères que les procédures séparées.
L’os se réparera, mais il guérira à sa manière, ce qui signifie que les parois qui abritaient cette dent pourraient s’effondrer, vous faisant perdre la hauteur et la largeur de l’os. Plus vous perdez d’os, moins vous avez de chances d’être un candidat approprié pour un implant.
Le patient ne ressent aucune douleur immédiatement après les greffes osseuses car l’anesthésiste lui injecte des analgésiques et des sédatifs avant et pendant l’intervention. L'anxiété peut apparaître en fin de journée ou le lendemain de l'intervention.
Pour soulager la douleur, les dentistes recommandent de prendre des analgésiques. Les sensations douloureuses devraient disparaître complètement au cours de la première semaine suivant l’intervention chirurgicale.
Souvent, les patients ne sont pas endormis lors des procédures de greffe osseuse, car elles peuvent être réalisées simplement sous anesthésie locale. La sédation est disponible dans presque toutes les cliniques d'implants dentaires. Les spécialistes peuvent proposer du protoxyde d’azote, une sédation orale et une sédation intraveineuse (IV).
Il est également possible qu’une anesthésie générale soit nécessaire si votre scénario est très complexe. Demandez conseil à votre dentiste sur l’option de sédation la plus adaptée à votre cas.
Le processus de guérison après la procédure de greffe osseuse dentaire peut prendre de trois à neuf mois. Ce temps est suffisant pour guérir complètement, et il n’est pas rare que cette procédure prenne plus de temps. Plusieurs variables affectent les récupérations, telles que le type de greffe, l'emplacement de placement et la capacité de votre corps à se réparer. Renseignez-vous auprès de vos dentistes sur la période de guérison dans votre situation particulière.
La durée de la période de rééducation est déterminée par l'ampleur des conséquences postopératoires, qui dépendent de l'ampleur de l'opération et de la réaction de l'organisme.
En règle générale, la récupération après une greffe osseuse ne prend pas plus de deux jours. Pendant ce temps, la douleur et l'enflure disparaissent. Au troisième jour, la plaie cesse de gêner, mais les points de suture ne sont retirés que 10 à 14 jours après l'intervention. L'os manquant se forme en quelques mois.
Les patients doivent consulter un médecin pour des examens de suivi. La tomodensitométrie détermine le degré de maturité du tissu osseux. Ce n’est qu’après cette étape que le dentiste pourra déterminer la période d’implantation optimale.
Pour les patients qui souhaitent traverser rapidement la période d'inconvénients opérationnels et obtenir leurs implants dentaires le plus rapidement possible, les principales cliniques d'implants dentaires proposent des programmes de rééducation accélérés. Ces plans de rétablissement comprennent différentes procédures thérapeutiques sélectionnées individuellement pour chaque patient afin d'accélérer le temps de rééducation et de revenir au mode de vie quotidien du patient dans les plus brefs délais. Les programmes de réadaptation accélérée peuvent contenir :
Suivre les recommandations de votre médecin pendant la période de rééducation permettra d'éviter d'éventuelles complications. Voici les plus courants d’entre eux :
Si votre mâchoire commence à se détériorer, cela peut entraîner un effet domino de problèmes, notamment la perte de dents et des problèmes de mobilité. Vous pourriez être admissible à des implants dentaires et à d’autres opérations dentaires si vous avez des greffes osseuses dans la mâchoire. La chirurgie de greffe osseuse peut être une option si vous souffrez de dégénérescence de la mâchoire et souhaitez retrouver votre santé et votre fonction bucco-dentaire ainsi que votre bien-être général.
"},"guide_mc":{"text":"Jour 1
Jour 2
Jour 3
Jour 4
Jour 5
Semaine 1
Semaine 2-4
Semaine 4-6
Semaine 6-8
Veuillez noter que le calendrier et le processus peuvent varier individuellement en fonction de l'état de santé du patient et de la complexité de l'intervention chirurgicale.
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