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Duration depends on surgery extent.","restrictions":["Often nothing by mouth initially","Limited neck movement and voice use"]},{"phase":"Early recovery at home","description":"Wound healing, gradual return to oral diet, stoma or tracheostomy care, pathology review and adjuvant therapy planning.","restrictions":["Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity","No smoking or alcohol"]},{"phase":"Later rehabilitation","description":"Speech and swallowing rehabilitation, shoulder physiotherapy after neck dissection, and adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy if indicated.","restrictions":["Activity guided by surgical team and adjuvant treatment"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Oral diet, stoma care and basic communication recovery; longer with neck dissection or adjuvant therapy."},"result_longevity":"Tumor removal is intended to be definitive, with lifelong oncologic surveillance. The permanent stoma is lifelong; voice prosthesis needs replacement every few months.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Return to theatre within 30–90 days for bleeding, fistula repair or stricture dilation after total laryngectomy."},"scars":"Endoscopic transoral surgery leaves no external scar. Open partial or total laryngectomy and neck dissection leave a neck incision scar, and total laryngectomy leaves a permanent neck stoma.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single surgical operation; adjuvant radiotherapy is separate and only if indicated."},"stages":[{"code":"surgery","label":"Laryngectomy with or without neck dissection","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"One surgical admission; any adjuvant therapy depends on pathology and is separate."},"success":{"metric":"5-year overall survival after total laryngectomy","value":55,"unit":"percent","horizon":"5 years","population":"Adults with resectable advanced laryngeal cancer treated with total laryngectomy","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Transoral laser or robotic microsurgery (endoscopic cordectomy/supraglottic resection)","suits_whom":"Selected early-stage (T1–T2) laryngeal or pharyngeal tumors with adequate endoscopic exposure","recovery":"Short hospital stay, no external incision; voice and swallowing recovery over weeks."},{"name":"Open partial (conservation) laryngectomy","suits_whom":"Selected intermediate-stage laryngeal tumors that preserve enough functional larynx","recovery":"Hospital stay of several days to about a week or more; temporary tracheostomy or feeding tube possible; swallowing rehabilitation needed."},{"name":"Total laryngectomy","suits_whom":"Advanced laryngeal cancer, cartilage invasion, or failure of organ-preservation treatment","recovery":"Hospital stay often around 1–2 weeks; permanent end tracheostomy; voice rehabilitation (e.g., tracheoesophageal prosthesis) and swallowing recovery needed."},{"name":"Neck dissection (added when nodal disease is present or at risk)","suits_whom":"Patients with clinically positive or high-risk cervical lymph nodes","recovery":"Drain care and shoulder/neck physiotherapy; adds to the overall recovery time."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":4,"max":8,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Total laryngectomy; longer with neck dissection or flap reconstruction."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Biopsy and pathology report","Contrast CT or MRI of neck","PET-CT report","Laryngoscopy or endoscopy report with images","Staging summary or tumor board conclusion","Swallowing and voice assessment (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single surgical admission; stay about 1–3 weeks by technique. Second trip only if adjuvant radiotherapy or follow-up is done abroad."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team treating you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you are satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that you understand the possible complications and side effects of the treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Make sure you understand the possible complications and side effects that could arise from your treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that you are clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Get a second opinion from a doctor on the treatment and whether it is 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